Studying the link between physiological performance of Crotalaria ochroleuca and the distribution of Ca, P, K and S in seeds with X-ray fluorescence

Abstract

This study describes the use of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in Crotalaria ochroleuca seed technology. This work evaluated X-ray fluorescence techniques to estimate the physiological performance of different C. ochroleuca seed coat colours based on the concentration and distribution of Ca, P, K, and S in seed structures. The treatments consisted of seeds separated by coat colours (yellow, green, and red) and a control treatment (colour mix according to their natural occurrence in commercial lots), and was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The physiological performance was evaluated by analyzing the water content, germination, first germination count, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, and seedling length and dry mass. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques were carried out with quantitative analyses (Ca, P, K, and S concentration in the seed coat and the whole seed) and qualitative analyses (macronutrient mapping). The EDXRF and μ-XRF techniques are efficient and promising to differentiate the physiological performance of C. ochroleuca seeds, based on the concentration and distribution of Ca, P, K, and S in different structures. Ca is predominant in the seed coat, and K, S, and P are found throughout the embryonic axis. Seeds of yellow and green coats have higher nutrients concentration and distribution in the embryonic axis, revealing high germinative capacity and physiological performance. Seeds of red coat have higher nutrients concentration in the seed coat and lower assimilation, showing less vigour, which interferes directly in the quality of commercial lots.

Microprobe-XRF assessment of nutrient distribution in soybean, cowpea, and kidney bean seeds: a Fabaceae family case study

“…Herein, the spatial distributions for both Ca and K recorded in cowpea, soybean, and kidney bean seeds were akin to those found in the cross-sections of Crotalaria ochroleuca seeds [11], another specie from the Fabaceae family. Furthermore, Ca was also found mostly trapped in the tegument of rice ( Oryza sativa ) seeds [26], suggesting that seeds’ nutrient distribution patterns are highly conserved.…”

“…On the other hand, space-resolved nutrient localization revealed that nutrient distribution varies across seed tissues. Particularly, P, S, and Ca were mainly found in the embryonic regions, whereas Ca was found in seed coat and hilum regions of Crotalaria ochroleuca and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds [11,12], whereas beneficial elements, such as Se and Ni, respectively, can be found in the embryo and cotyledon tissues of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.), buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ), and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) [13–15]. These few studies lead to the following question: How preserved is this spatial pattern across Families and within Families?…”

Impact of seed color and storage time on the radish seed germination and sprout growth in plasma agriculture

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ On the other hand, S signals are present in both control and plasma-treated grey seeds; however, the S content percentage increased after the plasma treatment. In general, the S and P are present in the embryonic axis 31 , so plasma treatment results in deeper etching on the surface of seed coat layers that revealed with different elemental composition and possibility to increase the concentration of S and P. The primary source of S is the defense compounds like S-rich proteins, glutathione, hydrogen sulfide, phytochelatins, etc., which are crucial for plant survival 32 . Additionally, the phytomelanin pigments of seeds containing S compounds might contribute to increased S concentration 33 after plasma treatment, as plant melanins react with strong oxidizing agents produced during plasma treatment, like H 2 O 2 , O 3 , O 2…”

Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) visando estimativa de fitomassa de adubos verdes

“…Figura 2) e com alto potencial de incorporação de nitrogênio ao sistema(COTRIM et al, 2019; PACHECO et al, 2015;CASTRO;MAGALHÃES, 2018).…”

“…considerada uma planta rústica, má hospedeira de nematoides, com raízes profundas e eficientes na ruptura das camadas mais adensadas do solo, tolerante ao estresse hídrico e sensível ao fotoperíodo, uma vez que com o encurtamento dos dias começa a florescer(BERTÉ et al, 2010;COTRIM et al, 2019;MASCARENHAS; WUTKE, 2014; PACHECO et al, 2015).A C. ochroleuca é normalmente cultivada em consórcio, rotação e sucessão com várias culturas, como soja, milho, cana-de-açúcar (PACHECO et al, 2015;RUGARE;PIETERSE; …”