Studying the heavy-ion fusion reactions at stellar energies using Time Projection Chamber

Studies of the 2α and 3α channels of the 12C+12C reaction in the range of E c.m.=8.9 MeV to 21 MeV using the active target Time Projection Chamber*

“…The additional contribution of the 3α channel increases the fusion reaction cross section by 10% at energies above 20 MeV. We also find that an additional reaction mechanism is needed to explain the measured cross section at 15 MeV at which point the statistical model prediction vanishes. The techniques developed in this work provide a new opportunity for studiyng difficult reactions such as 12 C( 12 C, 8 Be) 16 O g.s.…”

“…With a uniform electric field, which was formed by field wires, electrons from primary ionizations in the active region drift towards the anode readout plane. The avalanche of primary electrons, known as gas amplification, is performed using a stack of 2 thick Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEMs) mounted on the readout plane [15]. In order to measure the multiplicity for reaction products, the anode is segmented into 32 32 rectangular pads of 3 6 mm 2 , which is shown in the upper part of Fig.…”

“…Wang The dominant channel of the 2α+ channels is 12 C( 12 C,2α) 16 O, as the other channels are negligibly small according to the statistical model calculation using Empire [24]. For example, the cross section ratio of 12 C( 12 C,2α+p) 15 N to 12 C( 12 C,2α) 16 O is estimated to be 0.02 according to Empire. The contributions of the other channels are even smaller or totally closed due to the energy threshold.…”

Development of a semi-cylindrical time projection chamber prototype for ($$^{3}{\textrm{He}},t$$) charge exchange reaction experiment

“…For effective measurement of CE reactions, the energy dynamic range and size of the detector were determined through the calculation and simulation firstly. The TPC was chosen as our E detector, because the TPC is widely used in nuclear and particle physics experiments, allowing for the reconstruction of the charged particle's three-dimensional track and measure of the deposited energy precisely [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Our scTPC is based on the thick gas electron multiplier (THGEM) due to its advantages, such as durability, affordability, and versatility in terms of shape and size [23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…The drift velocity of electrons in the TPC is the key to reconstructing the three-dimensional track of the charged particle. The 266 nm UV laser was used for drift velocity measurement in the scTPC, which is a common method [17,47,48].…”