Study on the Vertical Dynamic Coupled Effects of the Crowd-structure System based on the Social Force Model

Investigation of a vibration mitigation method based on crowd flow control on a footbridge

“…Based on the previous research [31], this paper expands the application of the social force model that has been calibrated by plenty of scientific researches [35,36]. Kretz et al [37] calibrated the parameters of the social force model by comparing the experimental and simulation results when pedestrians passing through the bottleneck.…”

“…The effect of the pedestrians on the structure includes the gravity of the crowd, the elastic force produced by the relative displacement between a pedestrian and structure, and the damping force produced by the relative velocity difference between them. These forces are as follows, where [46], αi is the dynamic load factor, which the first four factors are taken from reference [31] , φi is the pedestrian phase angle, which the first four phase angles are π/2, − π/2, − π/6,π/6 [47], respectively.…”

“…As a micro model, it has been successfully used to simulate the mixed traffic of personal mobility vehicles, pedestrians [29], and pedestrians' crossing behavior at intersections [30]. Note that in a previous study [31] the authors simulated unidirectional crowd flow movement, which was derived from the social force model, to study the effects of the coupled system.…”

“…Furthermore, once the distance between the obstacle boundary and pedestrians' center exceeds the safe distance (0.3 m), pedestrians will make the detour. The characteristic parameters of the pedestrian are randomly generated according to the data available in[31]. It is assumed that the pedestrian mass is in the range of 50-80 kg and follows the normal distribution with the expectation of 65 kg and the variance of 5.…”

Research on the Behavioral Dynamics Motion Planning Method of the Human-Vehicle Social Force Model

“…e social force model mainly simulates individual and group movement according to Newton's second law formula, and the speed of the individual is compatible with the overall speed, which can portray the dynamic behavior of the individual. As a result, social force models are more used in areas such as emergency crowd evacuation [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], that is, most scholars have made many modi cations and optimizations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Jiang et al [31] present a generalized walking cost distribution to determine a dynamic navigation eld in the social force model for pedestrian evacuation and expect to choose an optimal path with the lowest walking cost to reach their target destination.…”