Study on the urban heat island mitigation effect achieved by converting to grass-covered parking

Takebayashi, Hideki; Moriyama, Masakazu

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2009.01.019

Cited by 101 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…7d, right column). An accurate determination of urban surface temperatures via thermal remote sensing is important for sensible heat flux calculations (Voogt and Grimmond, 2000) or the evaluation of surface heat island mitigation measures for instance the conversion of asphalt-covered parking areas to grass-covered ones (Takebayashi and Moriyama, 2009). Atmospheric effects are small for vegetative, shadowed surfaces and trees, but even a 1 K difference can be important for the study of surface temperature variability in relation to tree species or specific urban habitat (Kjelgren and Montague, 1998;Leuzinger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric correction of thermal-infrared imagery of the 3-D urban environment acquired in oblique viewing geometry

2011

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Abstract. This research quantifies and discusses atmospheric effects, which alter the radiance observed by a ground-based thermal-infrared (TIR) camera. The TIR camera is mounted on a boom at a height of 125 m above ground on top of a high-rise building in the city of Berlin, Germany (52.4556 • N, 13.3200 • E) and observes the Earth's surface. The study shows that atmospheric correction of TIR imagery of the three-dimensional (3-D) urban environment acquired in oblique viewing geometry has to account for spatial variability of line-of-sight (LOS) geometry. We present an atmospheric correction procedure that uses these spatially distributed LOS geometry parameters, the radiative transfer model MODTRAN TM 5.2 and atmospheric profile data derived from meteorological measurements in the field of view (FOV) of the TIR camera. The magnitude of atmospheric effects varies during the analysed 24-hourly period (6 August 2009) and is particularly noticeable for surfaces showing a strong surface-to-air temperature difference. The differences between uncorrected and corrected TIR imagery reach up to 6.7 K at 12:00. The use of non-spatially distributed LOS parameters leads to errors of up to 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric correction of thermal-infrared imagery of the 3-D urban environment acquired in oblique viewing geometry

2011

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“…Research showed that the cooling effect of vegetation on surface temperature is larger than on air temperature [83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. Compared with paved asphalt roads and squares, grass and vegetative ground cover play an important role in improving thermal comfort by maintaining low surface temperature [90].…”

Section: Urban Vegetation Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of energy fluxes is affected by the urban built environment, which helps to explore the underlying thermophysical mechanisms of how urban design modifies the outdoor thermal environment. The literature on numerous urban design descriptors addressing urban geometric characteristics is categorized into five groups in this paper according to the design features that the parameters entail, including land use intensity, building form, canyon geometry, space enclosure and descriptive characteristics. The literature on urban vegetation descriptors is reviewed together, followed by the combined effect of urban geometry and vegetation. This paper identifies a series of important urban design parameters and shows that the impact of design parameters on thermal environment varies with time, season, local climate and urban contexts. Contradictory impacts often occur between daytime and nighttime, or different seasons, which requests trade-offs to be achieved when proposing design strategies.

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“…Those covered lands may hold heat at the surface and radiate it to the surrounding areas, causing the creation of urban heat islands (UHIs) (Oke et al, 1991;Asaeda et al, 1996;Cartalis et al, 2001;Synnefa et al, 2007;Memon et al, 2008;Takebayashi and Moriyama, 2009). Cities have larger paved surfaces that store more heat compared to rural areas, which is one of the main causes of the UHI effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many studies in the literature focused on different types of pavements, the effects of their colors on the UHI, and the effects of different kinds of plants on urban thermal comfort. These studies are mainly concentrated on the issue of energy efficiency, the reduction of UHIs and the creation of urban thermal comfort (Synnefa et al, 2007;Yilmaz et al, 2007bYilmaz et al, , 2008Takebayashi and Moriyama, 2009;Leuzinger et al, 2010;Lagouarde et al, 2012;Aguiar et al, 2014). As stated in those studies, pavement materials that emit less heat than others, depending on their reflectivity or structure, must be specified in the design and planning processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions

Irmak¹,

Yılmaz²,

Dursun³

2017

Atm

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RESUMENLa isla urbana de calor (ICU) y el confort térmico en espacios exteriores pueden ser afectados por diversos factores como el tamaño del entorno edificado, la proporción de espacios verdes y abiertos y los diferentes tipos de coberturas superficiales (e.g., pasto y coberturas artificiales) en zonas urbanas. De acuerdo con los tipos y estructuras de los pavimentos y materiales de cobertura, que pueden tener efectos en el albedo y el calentamiento superficial, las superficies reflejan la radiación solar o calientan el aire sobre ellas. Los pavimentos que absorben mayor cantidad de radiación solar la pueden convertir en calor, lo cual calienta el aire; esto a su vez eleva la temperatura de las áreas urbanas y provoca incomodidad en los seres humanos. El presente estudio investiga los efectos de diferentes materiales para cobertura de suelo en la intensidad de la ICU. Se consideran nueve tipos de materiales, a saber andesita, granito, basalto, travertino, madera impregnada, tierra, asfalto, polvo de ladrillo y pasto, los cuales fueron analizados en el jardín botánico de Ata en el centro de Erzurum, una ciudad ubicada en Anatolia oriental, Turquía. Las mediciones de temperatura superficial de estos pavimentos se llevaron a cabo durante julio en días soleados, a 150 cm sobre el suelo y a las 12:00 horas. Se utilizó para ello un termómetro infrarrojo (CEM-DT-8812) y, con el objeto de obtener temperaturas fisiológicamente equivalentes (TFE) para cada tipo de pavimento, los resultados se analizaron con el software RayMan 2.1. Posteriormente se analizaron estadísticamente las puntuaciones de TFE con una prueba de análisis de varianza y las diferencias en las temperaturas medias se evaluaron con la prueba de Fisher de la diferencia menos significativa. Los resultados muestran que los valores medios de TFE variaron de 28.9 ºC para madera impregnada a 25.9 ºC para pasto (una diferencia de 3 ºC). Las otras puntuaciones fueron las siguientes: 26.1, 26.7, 27.1, 27.5, 27.8, 28.5 y 28.5 ºC para travertino, granito, andesita, tierra, polvo de ladrillo, basalto y asfalto, respectivamente. Los resultados analíticos indican que todos los materiales estudiados crean un estrés térmico ligero (23.1-29 ºC) acorde con los índices TFE y los niveles de estrés. Sin embargo, el estrés térmico medido para la madera impregnada, el asfalto y el basalto fue mayor que para el resto de los materiales. Se determinó que el pasto, el travertino y los cubos de granito son las coberturas superficiales óptimas, ya que el nivel de estrés térmico que producen es el más cercano al rango de confort térmico (18.1-23.0 ºC). ABSTRACTThe urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and outdoor human thermal comfort may be affected by several factors such as the size of the built environment, the rate of open and green spaces and different types of ground surface covers (e.g., grass and artificial covers) in urban areas. Depending on the types and structures of the pavement/covering materials, which can have effects on the albedo and surface heating, ground surfaces ...

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Study on the urban heat island mitigation effect achieved by converting to grass-covered parking

Cited by 101 publications

References 16 publications

Atmospheric correction of thermal-infrared imagery of the 3-D urban environment acquired in oblique viewing geometry

Atmospheric correction of thermal-infrared imagery of the 3-D urban environment acquired in oblique viewing geometry

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions

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