Study on the Synthesis and Interfacial Interaction Performance of Novel Dodecylamine‐Based Bonding Agents Used for Composite Solid Propellants

Abstract

An effective pathway was explored to design and select proper bonding agents that could effectively improve the interfacial interactions between bonding agents and solid particles, with three novel synthesized alkyl bonding agents, dodecylamine‐N,N‐di‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐acetate (DIHPA), dodecylamine‐N,N‐di‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐hydroxy‐acetate (DIHPHA) and dodecylamine‐N,N‐di‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐cyano‐acetate (DIHPCA), as examples. Molecular dynamics simulation was applied to compare unit bond energies of these bonding agents with the [110] crystal face of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and the [120] crystal face of hexogen (RDX). The infrared test was used to characterize the interfacial interactions of these bonding agents with AP or RDX. XPS test was applied to calculate the adhesion percentage of the bonding agents on the surface of precoated AP or RDX particles. All of the above results indicated that these three bonding agents have strong interfacial interactions with AP or RDX in the order of DIHPCA>DIHPHA>DIHPA. The prepared three bonding agents were used in HTPB/AP/RDX/Al propellants, and their effects on tensile strength (σ), elongation under maximum tensile strength (εm), elongation at breaking point of the propellant (εb) and adhesion index (Φ) of the propellant were studied. The results show that the bonding agents improve the mechanical properties of the propellant in the order of DIHPCA>DIHPHA>DIHPA. The methods found from theoretical design, materials synthesis, and mechanistics studies up to practical application show effective guiding significance for choosing the proper bonding agent and improving the interfacial interactions between the solid particles and binder matrix.

Effect of Sodium Alginate on the Morphology and Properties of High Energy Insensitive Explosive TKX‐50

“…The contents of each element, especially that of oxygen, become more reasonable. The peaks of SA at 286.27 eV and 287.73 eV were respectively ascribed to CO and C=O [37]. The peaks between 286.7-287.3 eV of other samples were attributed to CÀO, slightly higher than those of SA, and the peak intensity increased with the increase of SA ratio.…”

Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluoroalkenoates and Fluorinated Isoxazolidinones: N‐Substituents Governing the Dual Reactivity of Nitrones

“…The four‐component hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene composite (AP/RDX/Al/HTPB) propellant has a broad application in solid rocket motors due to its higher energy density compared to that of three‐component hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene composite (AP/Al/HTPB) propellant 1 and lower cost compared to that of other commercialized high energy propellants. However, AP/RDX/Al/HTPB propellants with high solid contents are prone to “dewetting” in processing due to the weak interfacial adhesion between HTPB polyurethane matrix and solid fillers including AP, RDX, and Al 2–4. In most cases, “dewetting” is the main reason leading to the failure of mechanical properties, which is required for a high performance four‐component HTPB propellant.…”

Research Advances in Bonding Agents for Composite Propellants

“…al which encompasses polar groups to interact with AP and RDX, and non‐polar alkyl chain to improve the flow properties of the propellant. Dodecylamine/laurylamine based bonding agents shown in Scheme were synthesized, and interfacial interactions were estimated through molecular simulation, and experimentally studied by FTIR, and XPS studies . These bonding agents were used in 0.15 % by weight amount for AP and/or RDX containing propellant composition and mechanical properties were determined.…”