Study on the mechanism of graft polymerization and sulfonation of proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Dinh, Tran Trong Hieu; Lam, Hoang Hao; Tran, Thanh Danh; Tran, Hoang Long; Nguyen, Tien Cuong; Tran, Van Man; Truong, Thi Hong Loan; Tran, Duy Tap

doi:10.31276/vjst.64(6).07-13

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The membranes were finally hydrolyzed by pure water at 50 • C for 24 hours to obtain the ETFE-PEMs. Note that in our previous works, the grafting was already confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 12,29 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 30 . Moreover, the presence of polystyrene grafts in the grafted-ETFE films and final membranes (ETFE-PEMs) was also affirmed using ultrasmall and small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS) 14,21,25,27,28 and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) 24,27 .…”

Section: Etfe-pem Preparationmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The thermal decomposition temperature of the ETFE backbones decreased gradually with a GD of 20-117% only for the grafted ETFE films but was quite small for the ETFE-PEMs 26 . The tensile strength results of ETFE-PEM under dry, wet, and humidified conditions, as represented inTable 2, are believed to be due to the intrinsic water absorption of the membrane because water absorbed by the polymer acts as a plasticizer, which in turn softens the material and reduces the load-carrying capacity [29][30][31][32][33] . An Iincrease in temperature also resulted in a further reduction in the loadcarrying capacity of ETFE-PEM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These hierarchical microstructural features strongly relate to the mechanical integrity of the membranes under severe operation conditions (high temperature and high relative humidity) of fuel cells 14 . However, previous reports mainly represented the results of ETFE-PEMs having a grafting degree (GD) higher than 19% [14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . The higher the GD is, the higher the conductance, but the lower the mechanical integrity and the higher the swelling [7][8][9]11,17,25,29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous reports mainly represented the results of ETFE-PEMs having a grafting degree (GD) higher than 19% [14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . The higher the GD is, the higher the conductance, but the lower the mechanical integrity and the higher the swelling [7][8][9]11,17,25,29 . For example, ETFE-PEMs with a GD of 34-128% exhibit a high conductance of 0.104-0.233 S/cm but also high water uptake (41-168%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes at low grafting degrees for fuel cells

2023

Sci. Tech. Dev. J.

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Introduction: Proton exchange membrane (or polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attracting enormous research activities because they are a new power source for applications in different industrial sectors, such as transportation, stationaries, and portable devices. Nafion is the available commercial material for PEMs, but it has a high production cost, leading to a strong demand for alternative membranes. Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA)-grafted poly(ethylene-cotetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE-PEMs) have been investigated extensively as alternative membranes for PEM fuel cells, but the results are mainly reported at grafting degrees (GDs) higher than 19%. Therefore, this study reports the results of thermal stability, mechanical strength, and proton conductivity for the ETFE-PEM with a low GD of 10%. Methods: ETFE-PEM was prepared by radiation-induced grafting and subsequent sulfonation. The performance characteristics of ETFE-PEM related to fuel cells are investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Result: The ETFE-PEM shows higher or comparable mechanical strength and thermal stability to those of Nafion. In addition, ETFE-PEM can exhibit a conductance of 6.10 −4 -21.10 −4 S/cm with a relative humidity (RH) of 40-60%, even at a very low GD of 10%. Conclusion: ETFE-PEM shows better mechanical and thermal properties than Nafion and exhibits a rapid increase in conductance with RH of 40-60%, providing a potential application in PEM fuel cells for small devices such as motorcycles, mobile phones, or portable electronics.

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Section: Etfe-pem Preparationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes at low grafting degrees for fuel cells

2023

Sci. Tech. Dev. J.

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Developing Student Autonomy through the Enhancement of Technological Approaches

2022

BJAH

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The concept of “learner autonomy” (LA) infatuates the interest of researchers across different dimensions of science and technology. In the previous century, the initial associations with the term springing to one’s mind were to do with self-access technology-rich centres, commonly known as “resource centres''; however, with its rapid global penetration, it reached the contexts of developing countries, thus introducing change to how the learners can become better versions of themselves. The aim of this study is to report on the effectiveness of the consequent introduction of a wide range of e-tools studied and experimented with minor teacher intervention. The study is limited to a scope of 24-25 CIFS students studying at Westminster International University in Tashkent (henceforth WIUT) aged between the ages of 17 and 20. The group will be randomly divided into two samples: experimental and control. Supposedly, there will be 12 students in each of the two sample groups.

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Dealing with Weak Commercial Banks in Restructuring the System of Credit Institutions in Vietnam using Consolidation, Merger, and Acquisition: The Change from Administrative Orders to Market Mechanisms

Giang

Huong

2022

Wseas Transactions on Environment and Development

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The analysis and description of the legal framework combined with the assessment of impacts in economic and social aspects show that dealing with a weak bank, whatever the cause is, is an expensive and unpleasant situation, with potential negative impacts on the financial system. Depending on the severity of the weakness, the State takes appropriate intervention measures. Vietnam's economy is characterized by a small scale; commercial banks account for a large number, and have a small scale; these banks' financial potentials are not strong enough to compete with large-scale commercial banks (are usually state-owned or have a control stock) or foreign-invested commercial banks which have both strong financial potential and modern management skills from their parent banks abroad. This is the cause leading to the increase of weak commercial banks that need to be handled to make the market healthy as well as to secure the capital for economic development. Based on the coordinated approach between economics and law, the paper points out limitations when handling weak commercial banks through consolidation, merger, acquisition, or compulsory transfer. To meet the safety requirements and not to cause a breakdown in the restructuring and handling of weak banks, administrative intervention measures through compulsory consolidation, merger, compulsory acquisition, or compulsory transfer are used quite effectively. In the current period, we have solved the weaknesses that need to be handled quickly and decisively. Therefore, organizational restructuring according to criteria of sustainability and market mechanisms should be quickly implemented, especially forming a legal framework allowing foreign investors to participate in mergers and acquisitions transactions in a clear, specific, and highly feasible way as well as research to realize the bankruptcy of commercial banks effectively.

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Study on the mechanism of graft polymerization and sulfonation of proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes at low grafting degrees for fuel cells

Characterization of graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes at low grafting degrees for fuel cells

Developing Student Autonomy through the Enhancement of Technological Approaches

Dealing with Weak Commercial Banks in Restructuring the System of Credit Institutions in Vietnam using Consolidation, Merger, and Acquisition: The Change from Administrative Orders to Market Mechanisms

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