Study on the Hole Conduction Phenomenon in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Electrical conductivity and dielectric property of fly ash geopolymer pastes

“…At a low L/A ratio or low sodium content, the geopolymeric structure at molecular level contains a number of ion holes due to the insufficient sodium for negative charge balancing. This defect promotes ionic conduction which plays a role in the enhancement of electrical conductivity in a high frequency range [21]. The FA geopolymer paste with an L/A ratio of 0.4 gives the highest level of electrical conductivity up to 10 3 S/cm comparing with lower values around 910 4 , 710 4 , and 510 4 S/cm of geopolymer pastes with the L/A ratios of 0.6, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively.…”

Composite materials for thermoelectric applications

“…Cement is a low-cost, mechanically rugged and electrically conducting material which can be rendered n-type or p-type by the use of appropriate admixtures, such as short carbon fibers (which contribute holes) for attaining p-type cement and short steel fibers (which contribute electrons) for attaining n-type cement [41][42][43][44][45]. (Cement itself is weakly n-type in relation to electronic/ionic conduction (41).)…”

“…The carbon fiber contributes to hole conduction [42][43][44], thus making the absolute thermoelectric power of the cement-matrix composite more positive [41]. By using intercalated carbon fiber, which provides even more holes, the absolute thermoelectric power becomes even more positive [59].…”

Electro-thermal properties and Seebeck effect of conductive mortar and its use in self-heating and self-sensing system

“…Many researchers have studied the thermoelectric properties of carbonfiber-reinforced cement-based materials. Sun et al [5,6] first reported on the Seebeck effect of carbon-fiber-reinforced cement (CFRC), and proposed the ionic, electronic, and hole conduction of CFRC. Chung et al [7][8][9] performed a considerable amount of research addressing the thermoelectric effects of CFRC.…”