Study on the flowability of TC4 Alloy Powder for 3D Printing

Yun, Huang; Wu, Wei; Bing, Zhong; Lu, Xiang-Yun

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/439/4/042006

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the stability and variable flow rate testing, the material's compressibility influences the measurements due to the blade's flow zone, which depends on the material bed. The narrow PSD (better uniform particle size) in samples that contain GAs can be linked with improved flowability (Yun et al 2018). From these outcomes, it can be concluded that powders with GAs require less energy compared to grinding without GAs, which results in improving flowability.…”

Section: Basic Flow Energy (Bfe) and Stability Indices (Si)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Chemical Additives on Rheological Properties of Dry Ground Ore - a Comparative Study

Chipakwe

Hulme-Smith

Karlkvist

et al. 2021

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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It is well documented that chemical additives (grinding aid "GA") during grinding can increase mill throughput, reduce water and energy consumption, narrow the particle size distribution of products, and improve material flowability. These advantages have been linked to their effects on the rheology, although there is a gap in understanding GA effectiveness mechanism on the flow properties. The present study aims to fill this gap using different GAs (Zalta™ GR20-587, Zalta™ VM1122, and sodium hydroxide) through batch grinding experiments of magnetite ore and addressing the mechanisms of their effects on the rheology by an FT4 Powder Rheometer as a unique system. Experimental results showed that GA improved grinding efficiency (energy consumption and product fineness), which were well-correlated with basic flow energy, specific energy, aerated basic flow energy, and aerated energy. Moreover, the rheometry measurement showed strong linear correlations between basic flow energy, specific energy, and the resulting work index when GAs was considered for grinding, which confirmed the effect of GA on ground particles' flowability. Zalta™ VM1122, a polysaccharide-based grinding aid, showed the best performance with 38.8% reduction of basic flow energy, 20.4% reduction of specific energy, 24.6% reduction of aerated basic flow energy, and 38.3% reduction of aerated energy. It also showed the strongest correlation between the grinding parameters and flow parameters (r > 0.93). The present investigation shows a strong indication that the predominant mechanism of GAs is based on the alteration of rheological properties and identify Zalta™ VM1122 as the best GA.

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Section: Basic Flow Energy (Bfe) and Stability Indices (Si)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Chemical Additives on Rheological Properties of Dry Ground Ore - a Comparative Study

Chipakwe

Hulme-Smith

Karlkvist

et al. 2021

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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“…Nevertheless, the simulated powder bed can still reflect real geometry of composite powder bed. Apparent density is the comprehensive embodiment of various properties of powder, which is very important for powder metallurgy [43]. As showed in figure 4(j), with the increased ceramic addition, because more small-scale ceramic particles filled the relatively large titanium powder gap, the apparent density increased from 2.357 g cm −3 to 2.588 g cm −3 , while the simulated powder bed showed the same varying trend from 1.65 g cm −3 to 1.83 g cm −3 .…”

Section: Powder Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of laser energy absorption and melting behavior during selective laser melting of titanium-matrix composite: role of ceramic addition

Ge¹,

Gu²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The laser energy absorption and melting behavior of ceramic reinforced metal matrix composites during selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing are vital for the subsequent metallurgical behavior. In this study, the mesoscopic simulation was proposed to investigate the influence of ceramic addition on the laser energy absorption and powder melting behaviors during SLM of TiC/Ti6Al4V composites. As the addition of TiC particles increased from 0 wt.% to 5 wt.%, the packing density of composite powder increased from 2.357 g cm−3 to 2.588 g cm−3, while the hall velocity decreased from 36.00 s to 73.14 s, indicating the powder flowability decreased with the ceramic addition. Meanwhile, the number of laser-powder interactions increased from 1.267 × 106 to 1.626 × 106, thereby enhancing the laser multiple reflection phenomenon in the powder bed. The concentrated irradiance distribution on the metal powder was dispersed into the surrounding powder. The average irradiance intensity on TiC particles was continuously improved, which increased the overall laser absorptivity from 0.655 to 0.72, yielding an elevated maximum operating temperature within the molten pool from 3501 K to 3668 K. However, with the excessive addition of ceramics (5 wt.%), balls and trapped unmelted particles deteriorated the surface morphology of the melted track. It can be attributed to the high required energy for complete melted TiC and the elevated difficulty of completely wetting unmelted particles. These results provided the physical understanding of high-quality and defect-free components of SLM processed composite materials.

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“…It was applied to evaluate the powder flowability based on the total energy input which is related to the shear stress developed on the rheometer impeller blade. This construction is widely used to determine flow properties of industrial powders [17,18], pharmaceutical solid dosage forms [19,20] and also lignite [21]. New approach to determine powder flow is Anton Paar two cells powder rheometer with powder shear cell and powder flow cell [22].…”

Section: Rheology In Dynamic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Moisture Effects on Powder Flow and Mechanochemical Improvement of Powder Flowability

Opaliński¹,

Chutkowski²,

Mateusz³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Recent findings on some unsolved powder rheology problems and new challenges regarding mechanochemical powder processing and flow modelling are presented. There is remarkable difference in rheology when processing moist powders in static or dynamic conditions. Despite of regular trends of shear stress changes with humidity found in the both cases, some exceptions revealed the significant impact of particles size and their hygroscopic nature as example. Mechanochemical methods of high-energy interactive mixing of highly cohesive powders doped with nano-sized solid admixture enabled their flowability to be improved considerably. Using statistical approach, more general routine is proposed that allow the optimal mixing parameters to be reliably predicted with limited number of experiments needed. Ability to flow of some hygroscopic powders was examined with DEM method and extreme sensitivity of model output to input particle properties was found. The common DEM routine towards powder flow prediction is therefore suggested to be replaced with approach featuring in using DEM method to identify some unknown powder flow factors.

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Study on the flowability of TC4 Alloy Powder for 3D Printing

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Chemical Additives on Rheological Properties of Dry Ground Ore - a Comparative Study

Effects of Chemical Additives on Rheological Properties of Dry Ground Ore - a Comparative Study

Mechanisms of laser energy absorption and melting behavior during selective laser melting of titanium-matrix composite: role of ceramic addition

Studies on Moisture Effects on Powder Flow and Mechanochemical Improvement of Powder Flowability

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