“…Khan et al computationally studied the performance of a three-blade rotor of diameter 0.5m in ANSYS fluent and reported that the two equations realisable k - turbulence model predicted the rates of round jets more accurately. Moreover, it has a great performance for flows involving separation, recirculation and boundary layer with strong adverse pressure gradient [38].…”
Adverse meteorological conditions often contribute to the formation of ice on aircraft wing section, engine nacelle and other parts leading to the loss of lift coefficient and increase in drag coefficient affecting aircraft control and stability. This paper addresses the problem of in-flight icing on an asymmetric aerofoil under three different ambient and cloud conditions. The study involves prediction of the leading-edge ice thickness using a numerical model developed from the mass and energy conservation law and Messinger freezing fraction model at the same Reynolds number. Later on, degradation in the aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil was also investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, taking the flow field around a 2D aerofoil geometry into account. The aerodynamic study indicates that cumulus clouds embedded with stratified clouds contribute to the formation of mixed ice on aerofoil leading edge and causes the worst icing scenario reducing the lift coefficient to 90% and increasing the drag coefficient to 800% for the same ambient conditions.
“…Khan et al computationally studied the performance of a three-blade rotor of diameter 0.5m in ANSYS fluent and reported that the two equations realisable k - turbulence model predicted the rates of round jets more accurately. Moreover, it has a great performance for flows involving separation, recirculation and boundary layer with strong adverse pressure gradient [38].…”
Adverse meteorological conditions often contribute to the formation of ice on aircraft wing section, engine nacelle and other parts leading to the loss of lift coefficient and increase in drag coefficient affecting aircraft control and stability. This paper addresses the problem of in-flight icing on an asymmetric aerofoil under three different ambient and cloud conditions. The study involves prediction of the leading-edge ice thickness using a numerical model developed from the mass and energy conservation law and Messinger freezing fraction model at the same Reynolds number. Later on, degradation in the aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil was also investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, taking the flow field around a 2D aerofoil geometry into account. The aerodynamic study indicates that cumulus clouds embedded with stratified clouds contribute to the formation of mixed ice on aerofoil leading edge and causes the worst icing scenario reducing the lift coefficient to 90% and increasing the drag coefficient to 800% for the same ambient conditions.
Traditionally, isolated and non-isolated boost converters are used for solar photovoltaic systems (SPV). These converters have limitations such as low voltage gain, less voltage ripples, temperature dependence, high voltage stress across the switches, and being bulky in size. Besides, the solar PV system also has non-linear characteristics between I–V and P–V, and the energy yield potential is affected by partial shading phenomena. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is being added to the SPV system to get the maximum output power under steady and dynamic climate conditions. Although the conventional MPPT has drawbacks such as less accuracy in predicting the MPP under partial shading conditions, low tracking speed, and more ripples, Hence, the research proposes a stackable single switch boost converter (SSBC) with a Cuckoo search MPPT controller for the SPV system. The efficiency of the proposed circuit topology has been compared with conventional boost converters with various MPPTs. Subsequently, the accuracy of tracking true MPPT by CSO is compared with that of PSO and FPNA. The results show, that the CMPPT with CBC has produced more ripples, whereas the BMPPT with SSBC produces ripple-free power under steady conditions. It is also observed that SSBC with BMPPT produces more power than SSBC with TMPPT. The efficiency of SSBC with BMPPT is better than other combinations. Finally, a prototype model has been developed and verified.
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