Objectives:The efforts were made to develop a HPLC analytical method for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of aspirin and clopidogrel and aim to identify and estimate the degradation of the drugs under the various stress conditions recommended by ICH guideline. Materials and Methods: The separation of two drugs were done by using LC-22AD liquid chromatograph having SPD-22A UV-vis detector on C 8 (4.6 x 52 mm) column which was connected with loop 22µl and with HPLC-Dell system. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: buffer in the ratio of 1352:652 v/v. Flow rate was .13 ml/min and detection were done at 222 nm. Proportions of solvents and adjustment of mobile phase was carried out by screening. Results: The chromatographic separation of aspirin was noted at 4.299 minutes with average USP tangent of 813132.246 and clopidogrel was at 2.726 min with average of 886.21397 tangent. A linear correlation was observed between concentration of aspirin and clopidogrel with their dilutions i.e r 2 = 2.9986 and 2.9996 respectively. The outcome of study, with limit of detection 2.258 and 2.278 µg/ml and limit of quantification 2.7 and 2.56 µg/ml, for aspirin and clopidogrel revealed the repeatability, reproducibility and robustness of the method. Stability indicating parameters were tested by ICH guideline. Conclusion: It is concluded that the method is linear, reproducible, robust, rugged and stability-indicating for simultaneous calculation. It can be used as a routine quality control method for combined pharmaceutical dosage form and for its kinetic studies.
Background: Cirrhosis is a common problem and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. Early diagnosis with assessment of severity of diseases may help prevent the associated complications and patients’ sufferings. Now a days Hepatic venous Doppler can be a tool for diagnosis of cirrhosis and to assess correlation between waveform changes and severity of diseases.
Objective: The purposes of this study was to determine the significance of hepatic vein waveform changes on doppler ultrasound in cirrhotic patients and to correlate with liver dysfunction.
Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the department of Radiology and Imaging of Enam Medical College and Hospital during January 2017 to May 2018. Doppler waveforms were obtained from right hepatic vein in all the cases and classified as triphasic, biphasic and monophasic. Waveform comparisons were made among patients with differing grades of cirrhosis. Child- Pugh class was used to assess severity of cirrhosis. Doppler sonography was done in 80 patients suspecting of having liver cirrhosis. Data on clinical findings, B mode sonographic findings and hepatic vein doppler ultrasound findings were collected and documented in structured forms. Analysis was done using SPSS - 20.
Results: Total of 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria are included in the study with mean age of 45.37±7.64 (range 25-75) years. Among these 57 (71%) were males while 23(29%) were females. On the basis of hepatic function 25 (31%) patients presented in Child-Pugh Class A, 31(39%) with Class B and 24(30%) patients had Class C. Hepatic venous waveform was triphasic in 22 (27.5%), biphasic in 28(35%), and monophasic in 30 (37.5%) cases. Our study revealed 88% (21) of Child- Pugh Class C, 23% (7) of Class B and 8% (2) of class A patients had monophasic HV waveform. The hepatic venous waveform progressively changed from triphasic to biphasic to monophasic with advancing grade of cirrhosis. The relationship of these waveforms change had significant relation with hepatic dysfunction (p < 0.022).
Conclusion: Hepatic vein wave form changes reflects the change in hepatic circulation associated with progression of liver cirrhosis. It can be used as a new parameter in the assessment of severity of liver cirrhosis. Thus, alteration in hepatic venous blood flow pattern on doppler ultrasound can be a useful noninvasive tool for evaluating diseases severity in patients with cirrhosis.
J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 100-106
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