Study on the Distribution and Elimination of the New Hormone Irisin In Vivo: New Discoveries Regarding Irisin

Lv, Jing; Pan, Yu; Li, X.; Cheng, Dengfeng; Ju, Houyu; Tian, Jingyan; Shi, Hongyu; Zhang, Y.

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1547261

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Circulating irisin is removed from the body mainly through the hepatobiliary system and the kidneys 14 . The reported circulating levels of irisin seem to differ greatly even in the same species, with concentrations being reported in human serum or plasma between 0.01 ng/ml and 2,000 ng/ml (REFS 15–19).…”

Section: Physiology Of Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis

et al. 2017

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Irisin is a myokine that leads to increased energy expenditure by stimulating the ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. In the first description of this hormone, increased levels of circulating irisin, which is cleaved from its precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, were associated with improved glucose homeostasis by reducing insulin resistance. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the role of irisin in glucose regulation, but contradictory results have been reported, and even the existence of this hormone has been questioned. In this Review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of irisin and its role in glucose homeostasis. We describe the mechanisms involved in the synthesis, secretion, circulation and regulation of irisin, and the controversies regarding the measurement of irisin. We also discuss the direct effects of irisin on glucose regulatory mechanisms in different organs, the indirect effects and interactions with other hormones, and the important open questions with regard to irisin in those organs. Finally, we present the results from animal interventional studies and from human clinical studies investigating the association of irisin with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Physiology Of Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, various gene polymorphisms have been identified to have role in the pathogenesis of obesity [12,13]. Moreover, different factors such as specific proteins in human cells and many hormonal factors have effective roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis and weight balance [14][15][16][17]. Microbiota also has been taken into consideration as a possible reason for affecting energy homeostasis.…”

Section: Role Of Gut Microbiota In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota as a Target in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders: A New Approach to Novel Therapeutic Agents

et al. 2016

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Gut Microbiota as a Target in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders: A New Approach to Novel Therapeutic Agentsing and its metagenomic applications allowed the study of the microbiota composition in metabolic disorders without cultivation [8]. Results of the human microbiome studies, which are part of the human genome projects could have possible clinical applications like personalized medicine in the future [8]. It is noteworthy that despite the inter-individual variations in gut microbiota, serial stool collections have shown that core gut microbiota composition of an individual remains stable over time. Therefore, susceptibility to the development of specific diseases was different among subjects. The composition of the gut microbiota is modulated by prenatal events, delivery methods, infant feeding, duration of lactation, complementary foods, geographical location, and environmental factors such as life style, antibiotic use, and dietary pattern [9]. It seems that these factors, effective in altering gut microbiota composition, can be used for therapeutic purposes. In this review, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect host metabolism are considered, and the methods of gut microbiota modulation as novel therapeutic strategies in metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis are provided, as well. Introduction ▼The prevalence of metabolic disorders is increasing worldwide, leading to recognize them as public health concerns. The most prevalent metabolic disorders are diabetes mellitus, obesity, and osteoporosis. The involvement of both genetic and environmental factors makes the pathophysiologies of these disorders complicated. Gut microbiota is suggested as a potential contributor to the development of metabolic disorders in recent years [1,2]. Gut microbiota is defined as the microbial community inhabiting the intestine; and gut microbiome are its genomic contents, which are 100-to 150-fold more numerous than the human genome [3]. These microbes, as an endocrine organ, play important roles in human health and their imbalances are related to numerous diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and metabolic disorders. Recent evidence in mice and humans has shown that gut microbiota is linked with the development of metabolic disorders [1,[4][5][6] Abstract ▼As the prevalence of metabolic disorders increases dramatically, the importance of identifying environmental factors affecting metabolism control becomes greater accordingly. Gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, is one of these potential factors. Recently, the evidence has shown the associations between alteration in gut micro biota composition and obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. However, the causality of gut microbiota on metabolic health has yet to be explored in intervention studies and the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated more in depth. Gut microbiota plays critical roles in the control of immunity, food intake, lipi...

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“…Early evidence showed that higher irisin expression caused a significant improvement in glucose tolerance and decrease in fasting insulin in FNDC5 overexpressing mice compared to controls [4], but further studies are needed. The hepatic distribution of irisin following intravenous administration of 125 I-labeled irisin in mice is also of interest [22]. The highest level of radioactivity (ID per gram of tissue), as assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT), was observed in the gallbladder, followed by the liver and kidney [22].…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hepatic distribution of irisin following intravenous administration of 125 I-labeled irisin in mice is also of interest [22]. The highest level of radioactivity (ID per gram of tissue), as assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT), was observed in the gallbladder, followed by the liver and kidney [22]. The radioactivity was gradually reduced at 60 and 120 min in the liver, whereas it was reduced at 60 min, but remained unchanged at 120 min in the kidney.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%