An update on the validity of irisin assays and the link between irisin and hepatic metabolism

Polyzos, Stergios A.; Mantzoros, Christos S.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.005

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Controversy surrounding the immunological measurement of endogenous irisin in biological samples has emerged as a primary concern of irisin-related research [2,10]. Specifically, the potentially false signals produced by assays based on non-specific antibodies may have resulted in the extrapolation of inaccurate circulating irisin concentration, leading some to doubt the physiological importance of irisin [2,10,33]. Despite inconsistencies in circulating irisin concentrations (both in healthy and diseased populations), irisin appears to reliably promote improved metabolic phenotypes in several tissue types; therefore, irisin (the molecule) may still have therapeutic potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism

Vaughan

Gannon

Mermier³

et al. 2015

J Physiol Biochem

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Exercise offers several benefits for health, including increased lean body mass and heightened energy expenditure, which may be partially attributable to secretory factors known as myokines. Irisin, a recently identified myokine, was shown to increase metabolic rate and mitochondrial content in both myocytes and adipocytes; however, the mechanism(s) of action still remain largely unexplained. This work investigated if irisin functions by acting as an inflammatory myokine leading to cellular stress and energy expenditure. C2C12 myotubes were treated with various concentrations of irisin, TNFα, or IL6 for various durations. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, as well as mitochondrial uncoupling, were quantified by measurement of acidification and oxygen consumption, respectively. Metabolic gene and protein expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting, respectively. Mitochondrial content was assessed by fluorescent imaging. NFκB activity was assessed using an NFκB GFP-linked reporter system. Consistent with previous findings, irisin significantly increased expression of several genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) leading to increased mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption. Despite some similarities between TNFα and irisin treatment, irisin failed to activate the NFκB pathway like TNFα, suggesting that irisin may not act as an inflammatory signal. Irisin has several effects on myotube metabolism which appear to be dependent on substrate availability; however, the precise mechanism(s) by which irisin functions in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Our observations support the hypothesis that irisin does not function through inflammatory NFκB activation like other myokines (such as TNFα).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism

Vaughan

Gannon

Mermier³

et al. 2015

J Physiol Biochem

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“…Another 87 important observation of this study is that the unfavorable genotype of PNPLA3 gene 88 polymorphism, which is strongly associated with the susceptibility and severity of NAFLD 89 [10,11], was most prevalent in individuals with NAFLD without MetS. 90…”

Section: Introduction 35mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…polymorphisms of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA3 gene) 54 [10,11] Interestingly, in the subset of individuals without MetS at baseline, the incidence of MetS 86 during the follow-up was higher in those with (71%) than without (48%) NAFLD. Another 87 important observation of this study is that the unfavorable genotype of PNPLA3 gene 88 polymorphism, which is strongly associated with the susceptibility and severity of NAFLD 89 [10,11], was most prevalent in individuals with NAFLD without MetS.…”

Section: Introduction 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates on associations with the metabolic syndrome and lipid profile and effects of treatment with PPAR-γ agonists

Polyzos

Bugianesi

Mantzoros³

2017

Metabolism

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“…Animal studies demonstrating important metabolic benefits have been convincing (1,2), but whether these findings translate to humans remains unclear, and many discrepant results have been reported (3,4,5). A tremendous limiting factor continues to be the quality and accuracy of existing commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for quantifying circulating irisin levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

5 years later: irisin detection still an issue

Cooke

Gomez

Daskalopoulou

2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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An update on the validity of irisin assays and the link between irisin and hepatic metabolism

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism

Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates on associations with the metabolic syndrome and lipid profile and effects of treatment with PPAR-γ agonists

5 years later: irisin detection still an issue

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