Study on the desalination process and improvement effect of FGD-gypsum improving coastal saline-soil

Du, Sanyan; Xiao-hua, Chen; Hou, Meifang

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/59/1/012058

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The gradual decline of the pH was likely due to the formation of low-molecular-weight organic acids and CO 2 during the decomposition of organic matter, volatilization of ammonia, and nitrification during the composting process [26,28]. The pH decrease was also attributed to the replacement of Na + by Ca 2+ from the FGD gypsum, by which the reaction CO 2− 3 + HCO 2− 3 generated deposits of CaCO 3 [48]. The pH of the compost supplemented with biochar only remained higher.…”

Section: The Effect On Temperature Ph and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste

2018

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The effectiveness of co-additives for improving livestock waste composting (reduction of air pollution and conservation of nutrients) was investigated. Biochar and Flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) were used to supplement the composting of a mixture of slaughter waste, swine slurry, and sawdust. Different compositions of additives (0% or 5% each, 10% biochar or FGD gypsum) were tested in triplicate on the laboratory scale. In addition, the effects of two different aeration schemes (continuous and intermittent) were also investigated. Ammonia volatilization, physicochemical characteristics, and compost maturity indices were investigated. The results indicated that the use of the co-additive (Biochar and FGD gypsum) during composting of livestock waste led to a reduction of ammonia volatilization by 26-59% and to a 6.7-7.9-fold increase of nitrate accumulation. The total ammonia volatilization of intermittent aeration treatment was lower than that of continuous aeration using co-additives treatment. It was concluded that co-additives (biochar and FGD gypsum) might be utilized in livestock waste composting to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nutrient conservation.Sustainability 2018, 10, 795 2 of 18 both the aeration rate and the ratio of bulking agent to waste during composting [8,9]. Among the potential odor compounds, ammonia (NH 3 ) is a major component that causes odors nuisance and toxicity to humans and plants [10]. Nitrogen losses that occurred during composting resulted in the emission of ammonia (NH 3 ) gas (ammonia volatilization) accounted for 24-33% of the initial N in household waste [11], 46.8-77.4% of the initial N of a mixture of straw and manure [12], 62% of the initial N was during composting of poultry layer manure [13], and 24-64% of the nitrogen was in organic waste [14]. The volatilization of ammonia deteriorating both human health and the environment would reduce the fertilizer value of the organic waste. Barrington et al. [15] reported that carbon availability, bulking agent, particle size, moisture content, and aeration regime are the factors that determine whether composting results in N volatilization as odor or N immobilization into organic components. The odor emission rate was correlated with both the aeration rate and the ratio of bulking agent to waste when composting [8].The utilization of chemical and biological additives to mitigate ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss during the composting process has been extensively studied. These additives have included wood fly ash, lime, phosphor-gypsum, polyethylene glycol, jaggery [16], zeolite [17], bentonite [18], superphosphate [19], and microbial inoculants [20]. Among these additives, biochar was popular to be amended in the composting mixture. Biochar is a carbon rich material produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass, was effective for reducing volatilization of ammonia during the composting of a mixture of sewage sludge and wood chips [21]. The faster decomposition process in the bio-oxidative phase...

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Section: The Effect On Temperature Ph and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%