Study on the composition of mineral scales in oil wells

Kodel, Karina Araújo; Andrade, Patrícia Fernanda; Valença, João V.B.; Souza, Divanízia do Nascimento

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2011.12.007

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…What's more, the calcium carbonate precipitate may serve as crystal seed and lead to more severe scaling problem. Additionally, many researchers have pointed out that the formation of calcium carbonate scale could be affected by changing of pH values [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], pressure [12], temperature [13], and salinity [14,15], etc.…”

Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

Wang

Gao

Li³

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TChemical stability of oilfield injection water is a critical factor to avoid corrosion and scaling of water treatment devices and pipelines. Especially, Guangli oilfield (a branch of Shengli Oilfield) has achieved remarkable success in anti-corrosion by applying an electrochemical pre-oxidation process into strong corrosive wastewater treatment, while scaling was aggravated therefore. XRD, SEM, EDS, and chemical analysis demonstrated the major component of the scale deposit was calcite. Succeedingly, chemical analysis of produced water along the process showed that pH, concentration of calcium ions, bicarbonate ions, and suspended solids changed remarkably before and after the mixing reactor. Further studies revealed that the addition of water treatment chemicals (Na 2 CO 3 ) in the mixing reactors induced the precipitates of CaCO 3 , which could serve as crystal seeds and resulted in the continuous precipitation of calcium ions. Moreover, calcite saturation ratio increased from 0.97 to 3.94 could contribute to the rise of pH and bicarbonate ions. Consequently, both of them created favorable conditions for crystal growth and incurred more severe scaling problem. The final scale inhibition experiments suggested that the amount of calcium carbonate scale could be mitigated through the dose of scale inhibitors.

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Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further study of the scale was performed with XRD, as shown in Fig. 5 [12,22]. Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that the main composition of the scale was CaCO 3 , of which the dominant crystal-type is calcite.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

Wang

Gao

Li³

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…Among common encountered scaling cations in aqueous systems are Ca 2+ cations, which deposit calcium carbonate and/or calcium sulfate. Sulfate scales are often attributed to the mixing of the incompatible sea-and formation waters, where the concentrations of calcium ions are high in both 2 . Carbonate scale, on the other hand, is generally attributed to the process of self-scaling, where the loss of carbon dioxide gas from the water to the hydrocarbon phase as pressure falls 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and assessment of novel self-doped poly (5-nitro-orthanilic acid) as a multifunctional scaling inhibitor on controlling the precipitation and crystal growth of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in solution

Hassan

Abd-El-Khalek

Fattah

2022

Preprint

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Self-doped-and nitro-polyanilines have become a widely used strategy to optimize the electronic and vibratory spectra of polymeric building blocks in various applications. We report the synthesis of poly (5-nitro-orthanilic acid) by an aniline-initiated oxidative polymerization reaction. The polymer is characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental shapes, cyclic voltammetry, electrical conductivity, microscopic and thermal measurements. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the supports provided the formation of amphiphilicity as judged by SEM. Thermo-gravimetric measurements reveal thermal stability up to 500 °C and glass temperature (Tg) observed at 240 °C. Electrical conductivity decreases as the temperature rises at the different frequencies used, reflecting the semiconducting nature in the extrinsic range, which is characterized by high carriers and low mobility. The presence of these electron residues causes a decrease in efficiency and increases the thermal conductivity. Dielectric measurements have shown that permittivity decreases gradually at lower levels, mainly due to the transport of charging carriers, resulting in higher performance. The testing of the copolymer as a new scale blocker has resulted in moderate to fairly high performance. This effect is attributed to the change in polymer geometry using intramolecular H-bonding group-SO3H and a chain polymer in an aqueous medium.

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“…Typical aqueous systems where scale formation is commonly encountered and poses problems during operations are boiler water, slag cooling water, industrial cooling water used as a single pass or recycled, and oil well water to mention few (Jamero et al 2018;Liu et al 2012b;Olajire 2015). Concentrations of scaling ions, temperature, pressure, pH and salinity are the main factors influencing mineral scale formation in the petroleum industry (Amiri and Moghadasi 2013;Chauhan et al 2015;Dyer and Graham 2002;Hasson and Semiat 2006;Kodel et al 2012;Wildebrand et al 2007). Changes in these factors will alter the scale solubility which in turn affects the kinetics and thermodynamics of the scale formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In oil and gas aqueous systems, Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Sr 2+ are scaling cations often encountered (García et al 2005;Jonathan 2009;Kodel et al 2012;Sorbie and Mackay 2000); Ca 2+ ions deposit as calcium carbonate and/or calcium sulfate, whereas Ba 2+ and Sr 2+ ions commonly deposit as barium sulfate and strontium sulfate, respectively. Sulfate scales are often attributed to mixing of incompatible waters such as seawater where the sulfate ion concentration is high and formation water where the concentration(s) of Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , and/or Sr 2+ ions are/is high (Kodel et al 2012;Sorbie and Mackay 2000). For instance, BaSO 4 is formed when the seawater sulfate ion concentration is high and is injected into offshore reservoirs for pressure maintenance where formation water has a high barium ion concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

Mpelwa

Tang

2019

Pet. Sci.

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Inorganic scale deposits are a major water-related problem encountered in producing oil and gas wells. The harshness of scale deposits is dependent on the field operating conditions. Scale deposits can vary from mild scaling tendencies to extreme. In general, the scale deposit will cause a reduction in formation pores, declining productivity and eventually blockage of the wellbore and hence unexpected downtime if it is allowed to persevere. To overcome this, the productivity of an oil and gas well is ensured by handling scale deposits via removal or prevention methods. Scale prevention is the best and cost-effective method for handling scale deposits that ensures production continuity. Inhibition through "threshold" scale inhibitor treatment is the most common method that is proven to prevent or reduce likely deposits. This paper examines the art of synthetic scale inhibitors, in particular, threshold scale inhibitors in oil and gas production. It discusses the chemistry of those inhibitors, inhibition mechanisms, treatment methods and key properties for their applications. It also highlights the chemistry of the synthetic routes often used to produce them in the laboratory and/or industry. Finally, it highlights the environmental concerns for the applicability of threshold scale inhibitors.

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Study on the composition of mineral scales in oil wells

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

Synthesis and assessment of novel self-doped poly (5-nitro-orthanilic acid) as a multifunctional scaling inhibitor on controlling the precipitation and crystal growth of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in solution

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

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Study on the composition of mineral scales in oil wells

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

CaCO3scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

CaCO3scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

Synthesis and assessment of novel self-doped poly (5-nitro-orthanilic acid) as a multifunctional scaling inhibitor on controlling the precipitation and crystal growth of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in solution

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

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CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure

CaCO₃scaling of oilfield produced water in “electrochemical pre-oxidation–coagulation sedimentation–filtration” process: reason, mechanism, and countermeasure