Study on occurrence of human calicivirus (Mexico strain) as cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of calicivirus-associated diarrhoea in the United Kingdom, 1983–1995

Cubitt, W. D.; Jiang, Xi

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199603)48:3<273::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-e

J. Med. Virol.

1996

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199603)48:3<273::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-e

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Study on occurrence of human calicivirus (Mexico strain) as cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of calicivirus-associated diarrhoea in the United Kingdom, 1983–1995

W. D. Cubitt

Xi Jiang

Abstract: The use of a recently developed EIA using antisera raised against purified baculovirus expressed recombinant Mexico virus (rMx) capsid protein is described for screening for human calicivirus in stools. The results show that MX-like viruses have been circulating in the UK periodically since 1983 and were an occasional cause of sporadic cases of diarrhoea in infants and outbreaks of infection among elderly patients in hospitals and old people's homes. Further evidence is presented that some strains of calicivir… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

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Incidence of human calicivirus and rotavirus infection in patients with gastroenteritis in South Africa

et al. 1997

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Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) are reportedly responsible for 2.5-4% of nonbacterial sporadic gastroenteritis. The incidence of HuCV infection in South Africa is unknown. Stool specimens from 1,296 South African patients with sporadic gastroenteritis were screened for the presence of HuCVs using electron microscopy, recombinant enzyme immunoassays for Norwalk (NV) and Mexican (MX) viruses, and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR products were sequenced to ascertain which HuCV genogroups were present. HuCVs were detected in 43/1,296 (3.3%) specimens examined, with RT-PCR proving to be the most sensitive detection method. Genetic analysis of the isolates indicated that 81% were Snow Mountain Agent, or MX-like; 8% were NV-like; and 11% were HuCV/Sapporo-like. This study indicates that a combination of assays is needed for the accurate detection of HuCVs. Comparative data on hospitalised patients showed that the incidence of rotavirus infection was approximately ten times greater than that of HuCV infection.

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Incidence of human calicivirus and rotavirus infection in patients with gastroenteritis in South Africa

et al. 1997

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Small round-structured (Norwalk-like) viruses and classical human caliciviruses in Southeastern Australia

et al. 1998

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A total of 6,226 fecal samples collected from 1980 to 1996 in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania from individuals with gastroenteritis were tested for small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) and classical human caliciviruses (ClHuCVs) by electron microscopy. There were 223 samples positive for SRSVs, and nine positive for ClHuCVs. SRSVs were detected in individuals of all ages and were commonly associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in nursing homes and hospitals. SRSVs were detected throughout the year, but were more common in the period from late winter to early summer in Australia (August to December). There were peaks of virus activity in the early 1980s and more recently in 1995 and 1996. Analyses by RT-PCR and sequencing of a segment of ORF1 encoding the putative RNA polymerase for SRSVs and ClHuCVs showed the presence of viruses belonging to several genogroups. Viruses of genogroup 1 (Norwalk/Southampton-like) and genogroup 3 (ClHuCVs) were relatively rare. Viruses of genogroup 2 (Snow Mountain-like) were common, and could be divided into two subgroups, one containing Toronto/Mexico-like viruses, the other Lordsdale/Camberwell-like viruses. The majority of viruses detected belonged to this latter subgroup.

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A diagnostic EIA for detection of the prevalent SRSV strain in United Kingdom outbreaks of gastroenteritis

Vipond¹,

Pelosi

Williams

et al. 2000

J. Med. Virol.

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Small round structured viruses (SRSVs) are the major cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the UK. Diagnosis is problematic due to insensitive electron microscopy (EM) or technically demanding reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. We have studied outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis using an EIA based upon recombinant capsid protein from the currently prevalent circulating strain of SRSV (Lordsdale Genotype II) and compared its performance against EM and RT-PCR assays. Faecal specimens sent to the Bristol Public Health Laboratory for outbreak investigation from December 1996 to December 1997 were applied retrospectively to the SRSV EIA and results compared with the routine EM and RT-PCR that had been carried out prospectively. Overall, the three tests identified SRSVs in specimens from 70% of the outbreaks (213/305) investigated. Of the 213 total positive outbreaks, the EIA identified 71%, that compared favourably with EM (63%) and RT-PCR (84%). The Lordsdale Genotype II SRSV EIA provides a simple cost-effective assay that will for the first time make detection of currently circulating SRSV strains associated with UK outbreaks available to all routine laboratories. The EIA format makes the assay widely applicable to non-specialist laboratories, unlike the RT-PCR assay, and the improved sensitivity over EM will allow successful screening of UK outbreaks alongside commercial EIAs currently available for adenovirus, astrovirus and rotavirus. Furthermore, the assay will allow rapid identification of emerging SRSV strains.

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Study on occurrence of human calicivirus (Mexico strain) as cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of calicivirus-associated diarrhoea in the United Kingdom, 1983–1995

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Incidence of human calicivirus and rotavirus infection in patients with gastroenteritis in South Africa

Incidence of human calicivirus and rotavirus infection in patients with gastroenteritis in South Africa

Small round-structured (Norwalk-like) viruses and classical human caliciviruses in Southeastern Australia

A diagnostic EIA for detection of the prevalent SRSV strain in United Kingdom outbreaks of gastroenteritis

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