Study on microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of efficiently additive manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel by high-power direct laser deposition

Guo, Peng; Zou, Bin; Huang, Chuanzhen; Gao, Huabing

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.09.005

Cited by 336 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because of these advantages, it is a preferred method in the biomedical, aerospace, and automotive fields [3]. In addition to various AM methods [4,5], a preferred one is the selective laser melting method [6][7][8]. SLM technology enables the use of different materials in manufacturing and assembly of different powder materials to produce parts that meet specific needs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As hybrid method includes both SLM and finish machining, and finish machining is being used to improve the surface property, it is inecessary to investigate the effects of the finishing process on the surface and subsurface characteristics of additively manufactured parts. When reviewing the literature, it seems that extensive studies on the machining-induced surface integrity characteristics of 316L stainless steel produced by AM are not yet available [4]. Surface characteristics, including roughness and topography induced from processing, is vital [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porosity, Surface Quality, Microhardness and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel Resulting from Finish Machining

Kaynak

Kıtay

2018

JMMP

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Among additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is widely used to fabricate metal components, including biocompatible bone implants made of 316L stainless steel. However, an issue with the components manufactured using this technique is the surface quality, which is generally beyond the acceptable range. Thus, hybrid manufacturing, including AM and finish machining processes, are being developed and implemented in the industry. Machining processes, particularly finish machining, are needed to improve surface quality of additively manufactured components and performance. This study focuses on the finish machining process of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel parts. Finish machining tests were carried out under dry conditions for various cutting speeds and feed rates. The experimental study reveals that finish machining resulted in up to 88% lower surface roughness of SLMed 316L stainless steel; it also had a substantial effect on microstructure and microhardness of the additively manufactured components by creating smaller grains and strain-hardened layer on the surface and subsurface of the SLMed part. The finish machining process also significantly decreased the density of porosity on the surface and subsurface, compared to an as-built sample. The created strain harden layer with less porosity is expected to increases wear and fatigue resistance of these parts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity, Surface Quality, Microhardness and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel Resulting from Finish Machining

Kaynak

Kıtay

2018

JMMP

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“…This approach has been considered to be an alternative, economic process for producing metallic components due to its potential benefits of saving lead time and costs [1]. Owing to its intrinsic characteristics, each AM process is naturally suitable for certain applications [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Compared with powder-based AM techniques, which usually employ laser beams and electron beams as heat sources, wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has shown its advantages in manufacturing large-scale components thanks to its high deposition rate, high material utilization rate, low production and equipment cost, and high equipment flexibility and scalability [4,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Thin Wall and Block Structure with Al-6.3%Cu Alloy Using Cold Metal Transfer Process

Cong

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

138

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Abstract:In order to build a better understanding of the relationship between depositing mode and porosity, microstructure, and properties in wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) 2319-Al components, several Al-6.3%Cu deposits were produced by WAAM technique with cold metal transfer (CMT) variants, pulsed CMT (CMT-P) and advanced CMT (CMT-ADV). Thin walls and blocks were selected as the depositing paths to make WAAM samples. Porosity, microstructure and micro hardness of these WAAM samples were investigated. Compared with CMT-P and thin wall mode, CMT-ADV and block process can effectively reduce the pores in WAAM aluminum alloy. The microstructure varied with different depositing paths and CMT variants. The micro hardness value of thin wall samples was around 75 HV from the bottom to the middle, and gradually decreased toward the top. Meanwhile, the micro hardness value ranged around 72-77 HV, and varied periodically in block samples. The variation in micro hardness is consistent with standard microstructure characteristics.

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“…It is reported that to produce a fully dense part, the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, laser focus, hatch spacing, z-step parameter, powder feeding rate and protective atmosphere have important roles, and thus they should be optimized carefully [12]. In fact, defects such as residual porosity, cracks and oxides are intrinsic to the process and have a significant influence on the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the components as well as their corrosion resistance [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Features in the Microstructural Analysis of AISI 316L Produced By Metal Additive Manufacturing

Saboori

Toushekhah

Aversa

et al. 2020

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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Directed energy deposition (DED) process is recognized as an alternative technology to produce the complex-shape AISI 316L components. The critical production step in this technology is the optimization of process parameters that can directly affect the final properties of the components. To optimize the process parameters, the residual defects of specimens produced with different combinations of process parameters are evaluated, and the optimum condition is chosen. Therefore, the residual defects assessment is a vital step in finding the optimum process parameters; therefore, this evaluation should be carried out carefully. One of the main issues in the production of AISI 316L by DED process is oxidation during the process that should be considered besides the other defects such as porosity and cracks. However, the identification between the oxides and porosities is not an easy task, and so this study aims to provide more clear insight into the evaluation of pores and oxides in DED 316L samples. The outcomes of this work show that at the best process parameters suitable for a porosity-free sample, there are some oxides that can be misinterpreted as porosity and consequently deteriorate the mechanical properties of the dense sample.

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Study on microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of efficiently additive manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel by high-power direct laser deposition

Cited by 336 publications

References 21 publications

Porosity, Surface Quality, Microhardness and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel Resulting from Finish Machining

Porosity, Surface Quality, Microhardness and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel Resulting from Finish Machining

A Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Thin Wall and Block Structure with Al-6.3%Cu Alloy Using Cold Metal Transfer Process

Critical Features in the Microstructural Analysis of AISI 316L Produced By Metal Additive Manufacturing

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