Critical Features in the Microstructural Analysis of AISI 316L Produced By Metal Additive Manufacturing

Saboori, Abdollah; Toushekhah, Mostafa; Aversa, Alberta; Lai, Manuel; Lombardi, Mariangela; Biamino, Sara; Fino, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s13632-019-00604-6

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The inner pore walls profile shows a dendritic structure, which indicates quick heat transfer and oriented crystallization [53]. However, some studies informed us about a significantly elevated level of porosity [54][55][56]; a similar level of porosity was observed for AISI 316L after different post-processing procedures [57,58]. Increased porosity level may cause reduction of mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, as cracks were observed near pore edges can act as a stress concentrator [20,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Complex Corrosion Properties of AISI 316L Steel Prepared by 3D Printing Technology for Possible Implant Applications

et al. 2020

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This paper deals with the investigation of complex corrosion properties of 3D printed AISI 316L steel and the influence of additional heat treatment on the resulting corrosion and mechanical parameters. There was an isotonic solution used for the simulation of the human body and a diluted sulfuric acid solution for the study of intergranular corrosion damage of the tested samples. There were significant microstructural changes found for each type of heat treatment at 650 and 1050 °C, which resulted in different corrosion properties of the tested samples. There were changes of corrosion potential, corrosion rate and polarization resistance found by the potentiodynamic polarization method. With regard to these results, the most appropriate heat treatment can be applied to applications with intended use in medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Complex Corrosion Properties of AISI 316L Steel Prepared by 3D Printing Technology for Possible Implant Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The high content of thermal oxides formed during the DED manufacturing process on the HAZ and on the surface of the printed clads can be the source of the high amount of oxide inclusions often found in multi-layered DED 316L SS [ 10 , 30 , 44 , 45 ]. While no inclusions could be found on the deposited single clads analysed, this was not the case when several layers of the material were deposited by DED.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Features, Defects, and Corrosion Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel Clads Deposited on Wrought Material by Powder- and Laser-Based Direct Energy Deposition with Relevance to Repair Applications

Revilla

Graeve

2022

Materials

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This work analyses the microstructural defects and the corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel clads deposited by laser metal deposition on wrought conventional material, which is a highly relevant system for repair applications. The different defects and microstructural features found in these systems were identified and analysed from a perspective relevant to the corrosion performance of these materials. The role of these features and defects on the corrosion process was evaluated by exposure of the samples to corrosive media and further examination of the corrosion morphology. The heat-affected zone, located on the wrought base material in close vicinity of the deposited clad, was identified to be the primary contributor to the corrosion activity of the system due to the large depletion of alloying elements in this region, which significantly decreased its pitting resistance. Alongside the heat-affected zones, relatively small (<30 µm in diameter) partially un-melted powder particles scattered across the surface of the clad were systematically identified as corrosion initiation spots, possibly due to their relatively high surface energy and therefore high reactivity compared to larger powder particles. This work highlights the need for more investigations on as-built surfaces of additively manufactured parts to better explore/understand the performance of the materials closer to their final applications. It demonstrates that the surface defects resulting from the additive manufacturing process, rather than the presence of the refined sub-granular cellular structure (as highlighted in previous works), play the predominant role in the corrosion behaviour of the system.

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“…Inclusion formation, such as of oxides rich in Si or Si and Mn, is an undesirable feature reported in DED of 316L [72]. These oxide structures are typically found during the ladle practice of high-content Mn/Si steels [73,74].…”

Section: Appl Sci 2020 10 X For Peer Review 10 Of 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316L Produced by Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Review

et al. 2020

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Directed energy deposition (DED) as a metal additive manufacturing technology can be used to produce or repair complex shape parts in a layer-wise process using powder or wire. Thanks to its advantages in the fabrication of net-shape and functionally graded components, DED could attract significant interest in the production of high-value parts for different engineering applications. Nevertheless, the industrialization of this technology remains challenging, mainly because of the lack of knowledge regarding the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of as-built parts, as well as the trustworthiness/durability of engineering parts produced by the DED process. Hence, this paper reviews the published data about the microstructure and mechanical performance of DED AISI 316L stainless steel. The data show that building conditions play key roles in the determination of the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the final components produced via DED. Moreover, this review article sheds light on the major advancements and challenges in the production of AISI 316L parts by the DED process. In addition, it is found that in spite of different investigations carried out on the optimization of process parameters, further research efforts into the production of AISI 316L components via DED technology is required.

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Critical Features in the Microstructural Analysis of AISI 316L Produced By Metal Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Complex Corrosion Properties of AISI 316L Steel Prepared by 3D Printing Technology for Possible Implant Applications

Complex Corrosion Properties of AISI 316L Steel Prepared by 3D Printing Technology for Possible Implant Applications

Microstructural Features, Defects, and Corrosion Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel Clads Deposited on Wrought Material by Powder- and Laser-Based Direct Energy Deposition with Relevance to Repair Applications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316L Produced by Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Review

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