“…The TA1 (industrial pure titanium) titanium alloy is widely used in industries such as aerospace, defense, and marine engineering. [2][3][4] However, the opposing relationship between strength and ductility greatly limits its engineering application potential and value. By endowing the TA1 titanium alloy with a functional gradient structure, it is possible to obtain a new type of titanium alloy with high strength and high ductility.…”