Study on Liquefaction-Induced Permanent Ground Displacements and Earthquake Damage

Hamada, Mareomi; Yasuda, Susumu; Isoyama, Ryoji; Emoto, Katsutoshi

doi:10.2208/jscej.1986.376_221

Cited by 104 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Three types of models are commonly used as predictive/analysis tools for lateral spreading: empirical models (e.g. Hamada et al 1986;Bartlett & Youd 1995;Youd et al 2002); simplified physics-based models (e.g. Newmark 1965); and advanced numerical analyses (e.g.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Lateral Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Cubrinovski

Robinson

Taylor

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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In the 4 September 2010 (M W 07.1) and 22 February 2011 (M W 06.2) earthquakes, widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading occurred throughout Christchurch and the town of Kaiapoi. The severe soil liquefaction and lateral spreading in particular caused extensive and heavy damage to residential buildings, Christchurch business district (CBD) buildings, bridges and water supply and wastewater systems of Christchurch. After the earthquake, comprehensive field investigations and inspections were conducted to document the liquefaction-induced land damage and lateral spreading displacements and their impact on buildings and infrastructure. The results of ground surveying measurements of lateral spreads at approximately 120 locations along the Avon River, Kaiapoi River and streams in the affected area reveal permanent lateral ground displacements at the banks of up to 2Á3 m that progressed inland as far as 200Á250 m from the waterway, causing significant damage to structures located within the spreading zone. Different features and magnitudes of spreading were identified, which were often affected by a complex interplay of ground conditions, topography, meandering river geometry and local depositional environment. The spreading was characterised by very large and highly non-uniform ground deformation causing stretching of building foundations and the buildings themselves. Road bridges suffered a characteristic spreading-induced damage mechanism including back-rotation of the abutments associated with deck pinning and damage at the top of the abutment piles. The wastewater system of Christchurch was hit particularly hard by the liquefaction and lateral spreading, and approximately 60% of the damaged pipes of the potable water system were located in areas of severe liquefaction and lateral spreading.

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Section: Mechanism Of Lateral Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Cubrinovski

Robinson

Taylor

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Such large horizontal displacement of liquefied soil was first reported by Hamada et al (1986) after a detailed investigation in Niigata city, which was hit by a large earthquake in 1964. After the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, a simple design method for piles subjected to lateral spreading was presented by Japan Road Association (1996) based on the work by Tamura et al (1996) in which the effects of lateral spreading on piles were considered by applying a distributed pressure along the pile shaft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Centrifuge Modeling of a Single Pile Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading

Horikoshi

Tateishi

Fujiwara

1998

Soils and Foundations

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The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake caused widespread liquefaction on the reclaimed islands in Kobe. The surrounding quay walls moved significantly towards the sea leading to horizontal movement of the soil behind the quay walls. Investigation of the piles installed in the reclaimed islands clearly showed the need for piles in such grounds to be designed taking into account the effects of lateral spreading of liquefied soils. The present study is aimed at establishing a simple design method for pile foundations subjected to such lateral spreading. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted to this end. Pile-to-wall distance, the thickness of non-liquefied layer, and the input earthquake motion were chosen as experimental variables, and their effects on pile behavior are discussed. The results show that the presence of the non-liquefied layer at soil surface and pile-to-wall distance play a very important role in the pile response. The non-liquefied layer seems to move as one unit towards the sea. A subsequent simple elastic analysis shows that the reduction in soil modulus in the non-liquefied layer near the quay wall may be an important aspect in estimating the pile response.

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“…This study revealed that very large amount of displacement up to 5 m occurred at the gentle slopes in Noshiro City. The same measure was conducted for the flow in Niigata City during the 1964 Niigata earthquake and clarified that more large displacement up to 10 m occurred along Shinano River (Hamada et al, 1986).…”

Section: Studies Before the 1995 Hyogoken-nambu Earthquakementioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on Sevaral Countermeasures Against Liquefaction-Induced Flow and an Applivation of a Measure to Existing Bridges in Tokyo

Yasuda

Ogasawara²

2004

Journal of JAEE

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ABSTRACT:In Japan, studies on liquefaction-induced flow started just after the 1983 Nihonkai-chubu earthquake and were accelerated after the 1995 Hyogoken-nambu earthquake. Several prediction and countermeasure methods have been proposed. At Metropolitan Expressway, detailed study was conducted to evaluate the safety against the flow. Then, four sites were selected to reduce the effect of the flow by applying a countermeasure. The applied method was to install steel pipes between bridge foundations and sea walls.

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Study on Liquefaction-Induced Permanent Ground Displacements and Earthquake Damage

Cited by 104 publications

References 1 publication

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Centrifuge Modeling of a Single Pile Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading

Studies on Sevaral Countermeasures Against Liquefaction-Induced Flow and an Applivation of a Measure to Existing Bridges in Tokyo

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