“…In this Confucian cultural context, a Korean private organization has a unique cultural context. For example, chae-bol, a large authoritarian and hierarchical Korean conglomerate (Chang, 2012), is composed of 40 to 60 legally independent companies, controlled by the parent company which is owned by the original founder or the founder"s family members (Choi & Patterson, 2007). Since Korea was historically controlled by an imperial system and a bureaucratic government structure, the authority of a leader (e.g., king, father, and teacher) could not be challenged, and followers needed to be protected by the moral guidance of Confucian values within the established social hierarchy.…”