Study on Exosomes Promoting the Osteogenic Differentiation of ADSCs in Graphene Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffolds

Abstract

Titanium and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V and Ti) have been widely used in bone tissue engineering to repair maxillofacial bone defects caused by traumas and tumors. However, such materials are also bio-inert, which does not match the elastic modulus of bone. Therefore, different surface modifications have been proposed for clinical application. Based on the use of traditional titanium alloy in the field of bone repair defects, we prepared a compound Gr-Ti scaffold with ADSC-derived Exos. The results showed that Gr-Ti scaffolds have low toxicity and good biocompatibility, which can promote the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Exos played a role in promoting osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs: the mRNA levels of RUNX2, ALP, and Osterix in the Gr-Ti/Exos group were significantly higher than those in the Gr-Ti group, which process related to the Wnt signaling pathway. Gr-Ti scaffolds with ADSCs and ADSC-derived Exos successfully repaired rabbit mandibular defects. The bone mineral density and the bending strength of the Gr-Ti/Exos group was significantly higher than that of the Gr-Ti group. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of new clinical bone repair materials.

Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated porous titanium scaffolds functionalized by exosomes on the regeneration and repair of irregular bone

“…Therefore, the combination of scaffold materials and adipose stem cells in this experiment will greatly benefit bone repair. The adhesion of ADSCs to the material surface is one of the key factors for the success of implantation (Sun et al, 2022). It is crucial to assess the biological compatibility of implant materials.…”

“…It is crucial to assess the biological compatibility of implant materials. The growth of ADSCs on scaffolds is affected by various factors, including the local morphology, surface energy, and chemical energy of the scaffold material (Sun et al, 2022). These surface properties determine how cells will adhere to the surface of the material.…”

MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration

“…Gr-Ti scaffolds with ADSC and ADSC-derived Exos successfully repaired mandibular defects in rabbits. The bone density and flexural strength were significantly higher in the Gr-Ti/Exos group than in the Gr-Ti group ( Sun et al, 2022 ).…”

Advances in reparative materials for infectious bone defects and their applications in maxillofacial regions

“…69 Besides Zn-doped materials, titanium (Ti) alloys have garnered significant interest as materials for oral and maxillofacial surgery due to their desirable qualities such as high mechanical strength, osteosynthesis capabilities, and biocompatibility. 70 A recent study involved the fabrication of implant miniplates using commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and a newly developed titanium–silver (Ti–Ag) alloy. The miniplates created from Ti–Ag alloys were subjected to mechanical and biological evaluations using fractured mandibles of adult dogs.…”

“…Experiments showed the Gr–Ti scaffolds are biocompatible with low toxicity, and effectively promote the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. 165…”