Study on bovine mastitis with isolation of bacterial and fungal causal agents and assessing antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Staphylococcus species in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 in and around Sebeta town with the aim of assessing the prevalence of mastitis, isolation of aerobic bacterial and fungal causal agents and assessing antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolated Staphylococcus species in dairy cows. From a total of 383 dairy cows, 220 (57.4%) were found to be positive for mastitis of which 10.4% were affected by clinical mastitis and 47% by subclinical mastitis. Mastitis was more likely to occur in cows above 8 years of age (OR = 16.9, 95% CI = 7.8-36.00) and in those cows washed by hand before milking (OR =7.8, 95% CI = 4.2-14.6) as compared to those subjected to udder washing and drying using towels. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated bacterial species (25%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (12.3%) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (10.5%). Yarrowia lipolytica (10.9%) and Candida etchellsii (7.3%) were the major yeast species isolated, while Aspergillus (6.8%), Mucor (5.9%), Penicillium (3.6%) and Fusarium (3.6%) were the major filamentous fungi species identified from the cultured milk samples. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the isolated Staphylococcus species were highly resistant to penicillin G (93.1%) and oxytetracycline (79.3%) but were susceptible to vancomycin (100%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (96.6%), ampicillin (89.7%) and erythromycin (86.2%). It could be concluded that bovine mastitis is a major challenge to the dairy producers in and around Sebeta towns. Appropriate control and preventative measures must be instituted and dairy farmers and workers must be trained on proper milking and hygiene practices in order to reduce the prevalence of mastitis in this region. The penicillin resistant S. aureus could be a source of serious infection in humans as well and hence comprehensive studies including molecular characteristics of drug resistance gene of S. aureus especially of methicillin-resistant should be conducted as farm animals, primarily dairy cattle might serves as a reservoir of infection for humans. In 2% of the cases, only fungal species were identified as causes of mastitis, hence further investigation regarding their pathogenicity and contribution to bovine mastitis is needed.

Subclinical mastitis: Prevalence and risk factors in dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia

“…This study's results were lower than the prevalence of SCM in Nigeria (85.3%) [27], Uganda (86.2%) [28], and Vietnam (88.6%) [29]. The variance in prevalence that occurs among farms may be due to the numerous factors consisting of intrinsic (age, parity, breed, lactation stage, and cows health) and extrinsic (farm management practice, production type, hygiene and sanitation, floor type, and milking method) factors [13]. The disease complexity includes infectious agents that attack the udder and intramammary of cows [26].…”

“…Mastitis incidence caused by microorganisms from the bacteria (mostly Staphylococcus aureus, non-S. aureus, Mycoplasma spp., Corynebacteriumbovis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. ); fungi (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Absidia spp., and Aureobasidium pollulans), yeast (Candida etchellsii, Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida parapsilosis, Candida kefyr, Candida famata, Candida krusei, Chrysosporium spp., Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon spp., Rhodotorula spp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and algae (mostly Prototheca zopfii and in small amounts of Prototheca wickerhamii) [13][14][15][16]. The incidence of SCM in Indonesia and several developing countries is relatively high, that is, Central Java (46.41%), Boyolali Indonesia (65%) [17,18], Iran (67.20%) [14], Rwanda and North-West Ethiopia (62%) [19], and Kenya (50.9%) [20].…”

Isolation and Determination of Antibacterial Sensitivity Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus from Lactating Cows in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

“…This result agreed with Emeru et al [ 24 ] and Girmay et al [ 25 ] reports. However, it is less when compared with the findings of Seyoum et al [ 26 ], Birhanu et al [ 2 ], and Abebe et al [ 3 ], and it exceeded the findings of Bekele et al [ 27 ], Etifu and Tilahun [ 28 ], and Lakew et al [ 29 ].…”

“…The costly nature of mastitis in the dairy industry might be attributed to reduction in milk yield and quality and increment of treatment costs [ 2 , 3 , 27 , 28 ]. The disease can also affect the responses of the ovarian follicules in cows as a consequence of which the conception rate can significantly decrease [ 57 ].…”

Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus spp. and the Unintended Discovery of Non-Staphylococcal Strains Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Region IV-A, Philippines

“…For this reason, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) became a critical issue that is obstructing the treatment of infections caused by mastitis pathogens. Resistance of Staphylococci to different antimicrobials used to control mastitis in dairy cattle has been reported (Tesfaye et al 2019). This reduces the efficacy of antibiotic treatment to treat this disease.…”