Study on biological variability of five acute-phase reactants in dogs

Kjelgaard‐Hansen, Mads; Mikkelsen, Lars Friis; Kristensen, Annemarie T.; Jensen, A. L.

doi:10.1007/s00580-003-0477-z

Cited by 34 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The relative contributions of CV G and CV I to total biological variability of CRP reported here are similar to those of a previous report, with a CV I : CV G ratio of 1.27 in both studies 22 . Although the mean concentrations of CRP and Spec cPL reported here show substantial agreement with previous reports, the critical difference for CRP is higher than that reported previously (71.7 and 60.4% for 1‐ and 2‐sided, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Analytes with high CV G typically lead to a relatively broad reference range, meaning some individuals may have pathologic changes in the concentration of the analyte that still fall within the reference interval or normal physiologic changes that exceed the upper end of the reference interval, thus generating potentially substantial overlap between healthy and diseased subpopulations, as observed in several previously published studies in dogs 18–21 . Laboratory Beagles have been shown to have significant differences in serum CRP concentration among subjects 22 . CRP therefore may be best used to monitor individuals with an inflammatory condition based on deviations from previous measurements within the same subject.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Variability of C‐Reactive Protein and Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Apparently Healthy Dogs

Carney

Ruaux

Suchodolski

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and specific canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (Spec cPL) are biomarkers of generalized or nonspecific inflammation and pancreatic inflammation in dogs, respectively. The extent of inter-and intraindividual variation over time of these analytes is not well defined in dogs. The minimal critical difference for sequential determinations of these markers (ie, the smallest change necessary to represent physiological change rather than biological variation), has not been defined.Objectives: To determine the inter-and intraindividual variability (CV G and CV I ) and minimal critical difference for sequential determinations of serum CRP and Spec cPL concentrations in apparently healthy dogs.Animals: Eleven apparently healthy dogs owned by staff or students at a veterinary teaching hospital.Methods: Blood was collected repeatedly at varying intervals over 12 weeks. CRP and Spec cPL concentrations were determined with commercially available assays. Indices of inter-, intraindividual, and assay variability and 1-sided minimal critical differences for sequential concentrations were calculated.Results: For CRP, CV G was 90.8%, CV I was 115.5%, and the analytical variability (CV A ) was 6.3%; the index of individuality was 0.78, and 1-sided critical difference was 269. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A population-based reference range is appropriate for Spec cPL, but questionable for CRP in dogs. Large changes in serial measurements of Spec cPL are necessary to infer clinical importance, more modest changes in CRP are likely to be meaningful.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Variability of C‐Reactive Protein and Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Apparently Healthy Dogs

Carney

Ruaux

Suchodolski

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…At the time this study was conducted, the most widely used assay for measuring canine CRP was a commercial ELISA (Tridelta Phase CRP, Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland), Reliability of the assay used in this study was tested by examining the intra-and interassay variations, which were both considered acceptable based on the objective analytic performance standard derived from biologic variations observed in canine CRP concentrations. 23 Interestingly, intra-and interassay variations found in our study were less than those of the automated caninespecific turbidimetric CRP assay and the ELISA. 20 The latter assay is often considered to be the gold standard for measuring canine CRP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Serum C‐reactive protein concentrations in healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs

Wong

Kidney

Snead

et al. 2011

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker for inflammation in people and dogs. In people, an association between CRP concentration and atherosclerosis has been reported. Atherosclerosis is rare in dogs, but the Miniature Schnauzer breed may be at increased risk for developing this vascular disease. It is not known if CRP concentrations in Miniature Schnauzer dogs differ from those in other dog breeds. Objectives: Our objectives were to validate an automated human CRP assay for measuring CRP in dogs and compare CRP concentrations in healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs with those in non-Miniature Schnauzer breeds. Methods: Sera from 37 non-Miniature Schnauzer dogs with inflammatory disease were pooled and used to validate a human CRP immunoturbidimetric assay for measuring canine CRP. Blood was collected from 20 healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs and 41 healthy dogs of other breeds. Median serum CRP concentration of healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs was compared with that of healthy non-Miniature Schnauzer dogs. Results: The human CRP assay measured CRP reliably with linearity between 0 and 20 mg/L. CRP concentration for healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs (median 4.0 mg/L, minimum-maximum 0-18.2 mg/L) was significantly higher than for the healthy non-Miniature Schnauzer dogs (median 0.1 mg/L, minimum-maximum 0-10.7 mg/L); 17 of the 20 Miniature Schnauzer dogs had values that overlapped with those of the non-Miniature Schnauzer dogs. Conclusions: Median CRP concentration of Miniature Schnauzer dogs was slightly higher than that of other breeds of dogs. A relationship between higher CRP concentration in Miniature Schnauzer dogs and idiopathic hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis, and possible increased risk for atherosclerosis remains to be determined. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proposed as both a marker and mediator of atherosclerosis in people. 1,2 Atherosclerosis is an infrequent finding in dogs; in a retrospective study of 21 dogs diagnosed with atherosclerosis on postmortem examination, Miniature Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher, and Golden Retriever breeds were overrepresented, possibly owing to increased risk for dyslipoproteinemia in these 3 breeds. However, a subsequent study failed to confirm overrepresentation of these breeds.4 Doberman Pinscher and Golden Retriever dogs are predisposed to developing hypothyroidism, a recognized risk factor for hyperlipidemia, 5 and Miniature Schnauzer dogs have a relatively high incidence of idiopathic hyperlipidemia, 6 which may account for their increased risk for pancreatitis. 7 In people serum CRP concentrations are moderately to highly inheritable, and an association between CRP concentration and atherosclerosis in people is well established. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] It has been demonstrated that CRP can induce release of inflammatory cytokines in coronary and aortic endothelial cells; 1,15 receptors for CRP have been detected on human aortic endothelial cells, and binding of these receptors results in proatherogenic effects, such as up-regulation of interleuk...

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“…Furthermore, interassay imprecision of the tests evaluated herein was above the limits of the objective analytical performance standard for imprecision of CRP derived from data on biological variation of canine CRP. 19 Therefore, an assessment of reducing the imprecision of the test is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Three Automated Human Immunoturbidimetric Assays for the Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Dogs

2010

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Abstract. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major, acute-phase protein in dogs; however, there is a need for automated assays to ensure in-time patient monitoring. Three automated immunoturbidimetric assays (Randox, Thermo, and Wako) developed for human beings were evaluated for their ability to detect canine CRP, including method validation, evaluation of diagnostic use, and establishment of exploratory reference intervals. Sera from 36 healthy dogs and 82 diseased dogs were included for method comparison with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Tridelta) serving as the reference method. A nonparametric estimate of the 1-sided 95% reference interval was established (n 5 36). Precision study revealed good intraassay coefficients of variation (CVs) of 1-10%, 0-9%, and 2-13% for the Randox, Thermo, and Wako assays, respectively. Interassay CVs were 18%, 24%, and 19% respectively. Because of a low linear range, the Thermo test was considered unsuitable for use with canine specimens. No significant differences were present between the results obtained with the Randox and Wako assays with CRP concentrations less than 15 mg/l; however, median CRP results differed significantly between the Thermo test and the ELISA (P 5 0.03). Bland-Altman analysis detected a proportional bias of 0.28, 20.59, and 0.61 mg/l for the Randox, Thermo, and Wako assays, respectively. For all tests, median CRP values were significantly different between healthy dogs and dogs with neoplasia. The upper limit of the reference intervals were 8.2 and 9.9 mg/l for the Randox and Wako assays, respectively. In contrast to the Thermo test, the Randox and Wako assays were suitable for detection of abnormally high canine CRP concentrations; however, improvement of assay precision and evaluation of accuracy are warranted before their clinical use with canine specimens.

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Study on biological variability of five acute-phase reactants in dogs

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Variability of C‐Reactive Protein and Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Apparently Healthy Dogs

Biological Variability of C‐Reactive Protein and Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Apparently Healthy Dogs

Serum C‐reactive protein concentrations in healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs

Evaluation of Three Automated Human Immunoturbidimetric Assays for the Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Dogs

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