Study on auto bias control of a silicon optical modulator in a four-level pulse amplitude modulation format

Chen, Honggang; Zhang, Bo; Ma, Weidong; Hu, Yi; Xiao, Xi; Liang, Xuerui; Hu, Leilei; Li, Feng; Ding, Lan

doi:10.1364/ao.58.003986

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the bias point of an MZM will drift over time due to various factors (e.g., temperature change). This bias point drift is independent of materials, be it lithium niobite (LiNbO 3 ), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), or silicon, and greatly affects the MZM performance [60,61] . By adjusting the phase shifters on the arms of the MZM through closed-loop bias control, the bias drift can be canceled out.…”

Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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As Moore’s law approaching its end, electronics is hitting its power, bandwidth, and capacity limits. Photonics is able to overcome the performance limits of electronics but lacks practical photonic register and flexible control. Combining electronics and photonics provides the best of both worlds and is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s direction. For stability and dynamic operations considerations, feedback tuning of photonic devices is required. For silicon photonics, the thermo-optic effect is the most frequently used tuning mechanism due to the advantages of high efficiency and low loss. However, it brings new design requirements, creating new design challenges. Emerging applications, such as optical phased array, optical switches, and optical neural networks, employ a large number of photonic devices, making PCB tuning solutions no longer suitable. Electronic-photonic-converged solutions with compact footprints will play an important role in system scalability. In this paper, we present a unified model for thermo-optic feedback tuning that can be specialized to different applications, review its recent advances, and discuss its future trends.

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Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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show abstract

“…In 2017 and 2018, Li et al proposed conventional point bias control methods and arbitrary point control methods for IQ modulators based on dither-correlation detection [12], [13] . In 2019, Chen et al proposed a novel ABC method for four-level pulse amplitude modulation format silicon modulator [14] . In 2023, Li et al proposed a lowdisturbance ABC method for optical IQ modulators using digital chaotic waveform as dither signals [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic bias control technology of IQ modulator for optical QPSK transmitter based on envelope detection

Ren¹,

Sun²,

Ye³

2023

Laser Communication and Propagation Through the Atmosphere and Oceans XII

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The optical in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator is a crucial component in coherent optical communication transmitter. An automatic bias control technology of optical IQ modulator for optical quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transmitter based on envelope detection is proposed in this paper. The implementation basis of this method is provided and the feasibility of this method has been demonstrated through experiments. This method applies dither signals to the three direct current (DC) arms of optical IQ modulator in time sharing, and provides envelope detection to the feedback optical-to-electrical signal, and controls the real-time DC bias of the three arms according to the spectrum of the signal that completes envelope detection calculated by Fast Fourier transform (FFT). The described dither signals are all sine single frequency signals and the specific basis refers to the amplitude value of the point corresponding to the frequency of the dither signal on the spectrum. This method has simple judgment basis, and is easy to implement in practice, and does not have high requirements for the feedback photodetectors. The local optimal algorithm can serve this method well. By using this ABC method based on envelope detection, QPSK modulation was completed with an error vector amplitude (EVM) of 8.89%.

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Silicon photonic integrated interrogator for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing

Jin,

Chen,

Chang

et al. 2024

Photon. Res.

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Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology has been a promising tool in various applications. Currently, the large size and relatively high cost of DAS equipment composed of discrete devices restrict its further popularization to some degree, and the photonic integration technology offers a potential solution. In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated interrogator for DAS on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The design of the chip revolves around a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) transmitter and a dual-quadrature and dual-polarization coherent receiver. The integrated interrogator supports multiple DAS schemes, including the time-gated digital optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR), which is adopted for system performance evaluation. 59 pε/Hz strain resolution in 12.1 km sensing fiber with 1.14 m spatial resolution (SR) is realized. Besides, along 49.0 km sensing fiber, 81 pε/Hz strain resolution with 3.78 m SR is achieved. The results show that the integrated interrogator has comparable performance to the discrete DAS system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated on-chip DAS interrogator, which validates the effectiveness of the blend of photonics integration and DAS technology.

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Study on auto bias control of a silicon optical modulator in a four-level pulse amplitude modulation format

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Automatic bias control technology of IQ modulator for optical QPSK transmitter based on envelope detection

Silicon photonic integrated interrogator for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing

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