Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan, Min; Ye, Kaixuan; Ming, Da; Wang, Yuhang; Wang, Zhicheng; Li, Jin; Feng, Junbo

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/2/023104

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…With this approach, the goal of electronics should not be high-speed processing but rather to ensure reliable optical operations, thus targeting accurate calibration, reconfiguration and robust stabilization of the photonic functionality against thermal instabilities. The control action is currently obtained by implementing a low-speed (sub-MHz range) electronic feedback loop for each photonic device, by means of external circuitry connected to on-chip light sensors and actuators [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Change Monolithic Integration of CMOS Electronics in Silicon Photonics

Zanetto

Toso

Grimaldi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Silicon photonic integrated circuits allow very efficient manipulation of light in a compact size but suffer from strong dependence on temperature variations and fabrication tolerances. Local stabilization of the working point of each photonic device in a circuit is thus needed, made possible by integrated sensors and actuators that are operated by an external electronic controller. However, this approach is what currently limits the scaling of photonic complexity to few tens of devices, due to practical limitations in the number of connections between the chip and the control electronics. Monolithic integration of electronic functionalities into the photonic systems is therefore essential to enable new sophisticated architectures, but it requires to fully preserve the optical quality. Here we demonstrate the possibility of fabricating CMOS integrated electronic circuits on a technological platform specifically conceived and optimized only for photonic devices. By exploiting the silicon waveguide layer and with zero changes to the photonic process flow, fully functional MOS transistors have been integrated on the side walls of the waveguide layer, showing a threshold voltage of 1.84 V, a gain factor of 4 μA/V^2, an Early voltage of 35 V and an inverse subthreshold slope of 250 mV/dec. By combining digital gates and analog switches, we demonstrate the operation of an analog multiplexer integrated into a 16-to-1 optical router to sequentially read 16 on-chip photodetectors with only one connection towards the external electronics. This enables time-multiplexed closed-loop control and stabilization of the router to thermal instabilities with less than 10 ms transient time and a power penalty of just 0.3 dB on the transmission of 10 Gb/s modulated signals. We envision that this first example of co-integrated electronic layer to support the optics and counteract its weaknesses can definitely unleash the full potential of the photonic technology towards a new realm of innovative architectures and applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Change Monolithic Integration of CMOS Electronics in Silicon Photonics

Zanetto

Toso

Grimaldi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…S Ilicon photonics (SiPh) is attracting increasing attention in recent years for its unique benefits of high data rate, low transmission loss, wide spectrum range [1], [2], etc. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1 shows the general model of a thermo-optical tuning of silicon photonics [2]. It mainly includes four parts: photonic devices, monitors, controllers, and power management circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Four-Channel Gray-Code Addressing TDM Clocked-Analog LDO for Thermo-Optic Tuning in Silicon Photonics

ye¹,

Ye²,

Tan³

2021

Preprint

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This paper presents a Gray-code addressing time division multiplexing (TDM) clocked-analog low-dropout regulator (CLDO) that shares one controller between four output channels with only one compensation capacitor. We apply the Gray-code addressing strategy to reduce the crosstalk. We also apply the split-output amplifier structure to share the compensation capacitor for further chip area reduction. In addition, we introduce a lightweight local-generated supply to increase the dynamic range. Implemented in 130 nm CMOS process, this design has a total chip area of 0.056 mm2 , which is 67.5% smaller than the conventional solution with four identical LDOs. Post layout simulation results show that the presented four-channel TDM CLDO can simultaneously track four 1 V<sub>pp</sub> sinusoidal signals at different frequencies with negligible crosstalk. This TDM CLDO is a promising solution for supplying multiple thermo-optic phase shifters (TOPSs) in silicon photonics

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“…1. An on-chip resistor with a few hundred ohms is usually used as the heater [6]. By changing the power supply voltage of the resistor, the device temperature is easily adjusted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the dynamic power supply for thermo-optic tuning is quite different from the above applications in terms of power range, envelope tracking (ET) speed, and the number of channels. For general thermooptic tuning, the required output power is only about tens of mW [6], and the typical bandwidth is around tens of kHz [6]. Meanwhile, multi-channel thermo-optic tuning is used in many applications, which requires multi-channel dynamic regulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eight-Channel Switching-Linear Hybrid Dynamic Regulator with Dual-Supply LDOs for Thermo-Optical Tuning

Zhang¹,

Tan²,

Wang³

2021

Preprint

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<div>A novel switching-linear hybrid dynamic regulator with dual-supply LDOs for thermo-optical tuning is presented in this brief. Compared with conventional designs, the proposed design leverages the intrinsic dual supplies to extend the operating range of the LDOs, and increases the thermo-optical tuning efficiency by reducing the dropout of the LDOs through dynamic voltage tracking. It can simultaneously regulate eight output channels and track 0.8 V<sub>pp</sub> sinusoidal waveforms at different frequencies. Significant efficiency improvement of the proposed design is achieved for envelope signals with a small difference, which is common in thermo-optical tuning. Implemented in 130 nm CMOS process, the proposed design has a total chip area of 0.675 mm<sup>2</sup>. The proposed design achieves a conversion efficiency of 88% at 1 V output driving a 200 ohms load. Its dynamic efficiency is about 80% when tracking 50 kHz sinusoidal signals.</div>

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Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

Zero-Change Monolithic Integration of CMOS Electronics in Silicon Photonics

Zero-Change Monolithic Integration of CMOS Electronics in Silicon Photonics

A Four-Channel Gray-Code Addressing TDM Clocked-Analog LDO for Thermo-Optic Tuning in Silicon Photonics

An Eight-Channel Switching-Linear Hybrid Dynamic Regulator with Dual-Supply LDOs for Thermo-Optical Tuning

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