Study on a new air-gap membrane distillation module for desalination

Desalination and concentration of saline aqueous solutions up to supersaturation by air gap membrane distillation and crystallization fouling

“…Among the proposed technologies, the non-isothermal process membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as an important process for desalination of high saline aqueous solutions and treatment of brines [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. One of the main advantages of MD over other membrane processes in the field of desalination is its capability to operate under high salt concentrations (i.e.…”

Energy efficiency of permeate gap and novel conductive gap membrane distillation

“…and T c,in (17,20,25 • C). For the numerical model predictions, an effective gap conductivity of k gap = 0.6 W/m-K and effective gap thickness of 1 mm were used.…”

“…shown to be capable of achieving higher GORs [5,15,16,17]. Permeate Gap MD is also referred to as Water Gap and Liquid Gap MD.…”

Persian Gulf desalination using air gap membrane distillation: Numerical simulation and theoretical study

“…For both MD modes very high rejection factors ranging from 99 to 100% could be obtained but the AGMD production is higher than that of DCMD, using the same membrane [8]. Experiments on seawater desalination by AGMD were conducted by Kubota et al [9] temperature drop and local water vapor permeate flux distribution have considered by Pingli Li et al [46] using a porous Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The obtained AGMD permeate fluxes of the PTFE membrane were as high as a maximum flux of 10 kg·h.…”

“…The obtained AGMD permeate fluxes of the PTFE membrane were as high as a maximum flux of 10 kg·h. Temperature drop and local water vapor permeate flux distribution have been considered by Li et al [46] which showed that the local flux drop and temperature drop of water vapor permeate were much larger at the upper part than those at the lower part of the membrane module in the hot feed side.…”