Study of the thermal stability of carbon nitride thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering

Crystalline carbon nitride film synthesized by ion beam assisted magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing in nitrogen gas

“…The peak positions of N1s spectrum for the film undergoing thermal annealing also shift to the lower binding energy. A slight shift to lower binding energies in XPS peaks is in agreement with some literature results [34][35][36][37][38]. Table 2 summarizes the deconvolution details.…”

An EELS study of the structural and chemical transformation of PAN polymer to solid carbon

“…The temperature at which N-Q appears is, however, different in EELS and XPS (XPS: $500°C for set #1, $600°C for set #2 and $400°C for set #3; EELS: $1000°C for the three sets). The possible differences regarding the sensitivity of EELS and XPS techniques respectively is not sufficient to explain the discrepancy observed regarding the temperature of occurrence of the N-Q states [16,18]. The fact that N-Q is detected earlier by XPS therefore suggests an earlier N-6 to N-Q transformation at the very surface of the fibre, due to specific surface phenomena (role of the respective steric hindrance, of effluents,.…”

“…Different phenomena are in fact competing: the uptake of O and N from air and the release of different species such HCN, NH 3 and CO 2 [12,13]. What is observed is likely to be the cumulative effect of heating rate, complex bulk mechanisms and surface effects [15,16]. The O uptake is also seen to be higher for set #2 from the beginning to the end of the carbonization since the O uptake is the highest for this set during the stabilization step.…”

Plasma characterization during laser ablation of graphite in nitrogen for the growth of fullerene-like CNx films

“…19 It is then reasonable to suggest, that intense plasmas at low pressures are likely to stimulate desorption of weekly bonded pyridine like N and ϪMwC with formation of volatile N 2 and C 2 N 2 as shown by Hellgren et al 50 This corresponds with reports that paracyanogen (CN) n reconverts into cyanogen C 2 N 2 at temperatures above 860°C 51 and that the maximum amount of C 2 N 2 desorbed from CN x films appears at approximately 800°C. 52 Unlike pyridine N and ϪNwC, nitrogen substituted in graphite is more stable and desorbed last in annealing experiments. 50 Thus, surface sputtering helps to increase the relative amount of nitrogen bonded to sp 2 -coordinated carbon, by preferential removal of nitrogen atoms with other bonding arrangements.…”