Study of the Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease and Their Correlation With Thyroid Hormone Profile Amongst Women With St Segment Elevation in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: To assess risk factors for coronary artery disease and their correlation with thyroid hormone profile amongst women with ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction.
 Method: A total number of 78 females having ST elevation myocardial infarction diagnosed through detailed clinical history and ECG evaluations were included after they satisfy the eligibility criteria. Patients were subsequently evaluated for presence of risk factors of ischemic heart disease such age, marital status, parity, and menopause, use of oral contraceptives, family history, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Their thyroid hormone profiles (T3, T4, TSH) were done and were correlated with risk factors for ischemic heart disease.
 Result: A total 78 patient included in the study. Most of the study population belongs to the age group of 40 to 50 years (43.6 %). Hypertension was the most common clinical features amongst study population (59%) followed by Diabetes (50%). most of the study population had Normal Thyroid status (57.69%) followed by Hypothyroidism (25.64%) and Hyperthyroidism (16.67%). and SERUM TSH is the most sensitive test for evaluation. Diabetes Mellitus was statistically significant risk factor (p value <0.05) in patients with STEMI with different levels of thyroid.
 Conclusion: Patients with coronary artery disease especially in the presence of other risk factors should be screened for diabetes and also for thyroid dysfunction as in our study cases of Hypothyroidism was seen in 25.64% of the population under study. Hence it can be postulated that hypothyroidism may be a predictor for myocardial injury in STEMI. Here we recommend that tests for thyroid disorders in acute coronary syndrome can give predictor for risk of morbidity and mortality in those subjects.
 These results also may warrant further larger study to investigate whether reversing the hypothyroidism could benefit the STEMI patients.
 Keywords: STEMI- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, MI- Myocardial Infarction, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone