Study of the MTF of a MWIR T2SL focal plane array in IDDCA configuration

Nghiem, Jean; Jaeck, Julien; Derelle, Sophie; Primot, Jérôme; Caes, Marcel; Bernhardt, Sylvie; Huard, Edouard; Haïdar, Riad; Höglund, Linda; Costard, E.; Rodriguez, J. B.; Christol, Philippe; Ribet-Mohamed, I.

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2018.11.004

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These values are very close to the ideal value of 0.64 and are also in excellent agreement with the simulation results. Moreover, these results complement the literature on fully delineated T2SL detector arrays in which values of 0.63 for the 30 µm pitch and 0.5 for the 24 µm pitch had been reported [10], [11].…”

Section: Mtf Measurementssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The main advantage of the slanted edge method lies in the extraction of the MTF by processing a single image, which simplifies the evaluation compared to other methodologies [10]. Additionally, when the edge is directly deposited onto the array, it eliminates the necessity for optical and vibration corrections, making it even more straightforward [21], [22].…”

Section: Mtf Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far in the literature, only MTF measurements in MWIR T2SL detectors with pitch sizes larger than 20 µm have been reported [10], [11]. In addition, MTF simulation studies of T2SL detectors only employ planar or incompletely etched geometries [12], [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simulation and Characterization of the Modulation Transfer Function in Fully Delineated Type-II Superlattices Infrared Detectors

Ramos,

Delmas,

Ivanov

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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The modulation transfer function (MTF) in fully delineated 15 µm pitch type-II superlattice (T2SL) midwave infrared (IR) detectors is studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, a 2-D model to simulate the spot scan (SS) profile is presented and used to compute the MTF as a function of the wavelength and the array geometry (pitch size, trench width). The dependence of the detector trench on the MTF is also evaluated experimentally by the edge spread function (ESF) method according to the ISO12233 standard. The experimental results show an excellent agreement with the theoretical model, reporting an MTF of 0.61 and 0.60 at the Nyquist frequency for 1 and 2 µm trench, respectively. With the simulation model, the effect of the increased optical crosstalk for smaller pixel pitch is discussed as a function of the trench width (0.5, 1, and 2 µm) and incidence angle up to ±30 • . Simulation results show MTF values at the Nyquist frequency between 0.61-0.62, 0.58-0.60, and 0.55-0.57 with an average degradation of 1%, 2%, and 7% at an angle of ±30 • compared to normal incidence for the 10, 7.5, and 5 µm pitch, respectively.

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Section: Mtf Measurementssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Mtf Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation and Characterization of the Modulation Transfer Function in Fully Delineated Type-II Superlattices Infrared Detectors

Ramos,

Delmas,

Ivanov

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…Typically, a MWIR MTF test set-up bases on the implementation of a black body as radiation source. 23,27,28 Given such a radiation source potential test targets need to be illuminated from behind. IR MTF set-ups further need to consider increased dark current that is thermally induced by the environmental temperature 22 as well as potential optical distortions due to vibrations of a cooler of MWIR devices.…”

Section: Mtf Measurements In the Mwir Spectral Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…IR MTF set-ups further need to consider increased dark current that is thermally induced by the environmental temperature 22 as well as potential optical distortions due to vibrations of a cooler of MWIR devices. 28 When considering an imaging system for use in space that should be able to investigate targets that are in hundreds or thousands kilometers distance, the angle of incidence must also be taken into account. The radiation onto the optics should be as parallel as possible.…”

Section: Mtf Measurements In the Mwir Spectral Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and testing of a multi-spectral and multi-field of view imaging system for space-based signature detection and tracking of hypersonic vehicles

Müller

Sander

Mundt

2023

Sensors and Systems for Space Applications XVI

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Hypersonic glide vehicles can glide several thousand kilometers through the Earth's atmosphere at hypersonic Mach numbers. Their inherent characteristics make them difficult to detect by both ground-based and spacebased sensors. The Universität der Bundeswehr München aims to demonstrate the capability of the Multispectral Object Sensing by Artificial Intelligence-processed Cameras (MOSAIC) experiment to detect and track radiation signatures of hypersonic glide vehicles from Low Earth Orbit on-board the small-satellite ATHENE-1. The payload consists of a cryo-cooled mid-wave infrared sensor with a pixel count of more than 1 M P x. The use of variable optics increases flexibility with regards to spatial and spectral resolution. Spectral filter selection is based on atmospheric simulations. A 25 M P x color imager sensitive in the visible spectrum is implemented together with a fixed focal length lens for complementary cross validation of detection by postprocessing onground. Both imagers are processed on-board the satellite by a high-performance computer that accelerates artificial intelligence image processing methods. All components used are commercial-off-the-shelf components that are tested and modified for their application in space at the Universität der Bundeswehr München. Two test set-ups are developed to characterize the modulation transfer function of the optical systems. Besides an ISO 12233 approach in the visible spectrum, an infinite-conjugate back-illuminated set-up is implemented for the infrared system. This study outlines design drivers and their specific solution approaches for an early warning system for a small-satellite application. A brief analysis of the radiometric budget forms the basis for a further preliminary design. Finally, test set-ups for performance validation are outlined.

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On-Board Flickering Pixel Dynamic Suppression Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion

et al. 2021

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The blind pixel suppression is the key preprocess to guarantee the real-time space-based infrared point target (IRPT) detection and tracking. Meanwhile, flickering pixels, as one of the blind pixels, is hard to suppress because of randomness. At present, common methods adopting a single feature generally need to accumulate dozens or hundreds of frames to ensure detection accuracy, which cannot update flickering pixels frequently. However, with low detection frequency, the flickering pixels are easily miss detected. In this paper, we propose an on-board flickering pixel dynamic suppression method based on multi-feature fusion. The visual and motion features of flickering pixels are extracted from the result of IRPT detection and tracking. Then, the confidence of flickering pixel evaluation strategy and selection mechanism of flickering pixel are introduced to fuse the above features, which achieves accurate flickering pixel suppression using a dozen frames. The experimental results evaluated on the real image of four scenarios show that the blind pixel false detection rate of the proposed method is no more than 1.02%. Meanwhile, evaluated on the simulated image, the flickering pixel miss suppression rate is no more than 2.38%, and the flickering pixel false suppression rate is 0. The proposed method could be an addition to most other IRPT detection methods, which guarantees the near-real-time and reliability of on-board IRPT detection applications.

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Study of the MTF of a MWIR T2SL focal plane array in IDDCA configuration

Abstract:  MTF of a MWIR T2SL FPA has been measured in a Integrated Detector Dewar Cooler Assembly (IDDCA)  Non-intrusive access to the pixel size deduced from the MTF measurement.  Influence of vibrations has been investigated on and the upper boundary of their impact has been studied.

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Simulation and Characterization of the Modulation Transfer Function in Fully Delineated Type-II Superlattices Infrared Detectors

Simulation and Characterization of the Modulation Transfer Function in Fully Delineated Type-II Superlattices Infrared Detectors

Development and testing of a multi-spectral and multi-field of view imaging system for space-based signature detection and tracking of hypersonic vehicles

On-Board Flickering Pixel Dynamic Suppression Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion

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