Study of the Microstructure, Crystallographic Structure and Thermal Stability of Al–Ti–Nb Alloys Produced by Selective Electron Beam Alloying

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

“…On the other hand, it is evident from (7) that the use of the lower speed of sample motion during the alloying process leads to higher values of S and the convection is sufficiently intensive for melt-homogenization and causing solute redistribution. These statements are completely in agreement with the results obtained by the authors of [56,57], where it was demonstrated that lower velocity of sample movement leads to a formation of significantly more homogeneous microstructure than higher speeds (Figure 10).…”

“…A number of studies exist describing an electron-beam surface alloying of Al and aluminum alloys [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. The authors of [50][51][52] have studied the formation and characterization of Al-Si and Al-C surface alloys on an aluminum substrate by a high-current pulsed electron beam.…”

“…The authors of [56,57] studied the possibility of formation of ternary Al-Ti-Nb surface alloys by electron-beam alloying of Al substrate with Ti and Nb films, where the influence of the speed of the specimen motion on the structure and properties of the intermetallics was investigated. The results showed a presence of pseudobinary (Ti,Nb)Al 3 intermetallic phase, and the velocity of the sample movement did not influence on the phase composition.…”

Surface Manufacturing of Materials by High Energy Fluxes

“…Using laser beam alloying technique, such technological conditions cannot be realized and the lifetime of the melt pool is significantly shorter [48]. The authors of [49,50] have performed detailed investigations of the microstructure and the crystallographic structure of surface alloys fabricated by electron and laser beam alloying and explain the difference in the hardening mechanism of both kind of alloys. Vilar et al [49] have studied the crystallographic structure of laser beam-manufactured surface alloys, and their results show that the increase of the scanning speed during the alloying process reflects to formation of a preferred crystallographic orientation while such effect of electron beam-fabricated surface alloys has not been observed [50].…”

“…The authors of [49,50] have performed detailed investigations of the microstructure and the crystallographic structure of surface alloys fabricated by electron and laser beam alloying and explain the difference in the hardening mechanism of both kind of alloys. Vilar et al [49] have studied the crystallographic structure of laser beam-manufactured surface alloys, and their results show that the increase of the scanning speed during the alloying process reflects to formation of a preferred crystallographic orientation while such effect of electron beam-fabricated surface alloys has not been observed [50]. According to the authors of [51,52] the formation of a preferred crystallographic orientation can significantly affect the mechanical properties which, as mentioned in [50] can be a possible reason for the observed differences in the hardening mechanism of electron-and laser-processed surface alloys.…”