Study of the Frequency of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the Emergency Units of Two Hospitals in Dakar (Senegal)

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the deadliest pathology in the world with 31% of global mortality in 2018. This is how we felt it necessary to conduct a study on cardiovascular diseases in emergency units of Senegal, more precisely in Dakar, in order to know epidemiological profile of these patients. Methods: The study setting was the reception and emergency units of the Hôpital de Pikine and Hôpital Principal de Dakar. This was an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim to search for factors associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The study ran from January 25th to February 5th, 2018 at the Hôpital de Pikine and from February 25th to March 5th, 2018 at Hôpital Principal de Dakar. The source population consisted of patients over 18 years of age and not in a state of pregnancy, who were been received there and had given their free and informed consent to participate in the survey. A representative sample had drawn and a consecutive recruitment of eligible patients were been carried out. The data collection tools were been based on the WHO STEPwise survey questionnaire. Data collection was been carried out in accordance with ethical rules. Results: The study involved 615 patients. The proportions of sedentary lifestyle, low daily consumption of fruits/vegetables, overweight and obesity were 72.4%, 96.4%, 22.7% and 17.3% respectively. This was 55.

Associated factors with hypertension, known poorly controlled hypertension, and newly diagnosed hypertension among people aged 18-70 in Senegal

“…Firstly, even within the population of patients seen in the reception and emergency departments of Dakar, more than a third of these patients (32.2%) declared that they had never had their blood pressure checked during their entire life. 10 Secondly, among patients who had already had their blood pressure checked at least once in their lives, recourse to a consultation in a health structure was by far the most frequent modality for controlling their BP with 61.3% followed by measurement in pharmacies (29.4%) and finally self-measurement (10.7%). 10 Arterial hypertension was newly diagnosed during this survey in 23.8% [22.14, 25.62] of the subjects.…”

“… 10 Secondly, among patients who had already had their blood pressure checked at least once in their lives, recourse to a consultation in a health structure was by far the most frequent modality for controlling their BP with 61.3% followed by measurement in pharmacies (29.4%) and finally self-measurement (10.7%). 10 Arterial hypertension was newly diagnosed during this survey in 23.8% [22.14, 25.62] of the subjects. The antecedent state of known arterial hypertension concerned 24.5% [23.05, 26.06].…”

“… 19 We also found, in one of our previous studies, the same finding for the risk of cardiovascular disease within the emergency service population in Senegal: being between the ages of 40 and 69 exposed to 2.83 times more risk and being over the age of 70 years exposed to 6.16 times more risk compared to at least 40 years. 10 …”

“…found that women were 2.24 times less likely to have cardiovascular disease than men in the patient population of reception and emergency services in Senegal. 10 However, considering the literature, it must be said that this ceases to be accurate after menopause. Indeed, menopause is associated with a significant increase in arterial and metabolic risk.…”