Study of the Foaming Kinetics in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Foams Crosslinked by Electron Beam Irradiation

Salmazo, Leandra Oliveira; Lopez‐Gil, A.; Ariff, Zulkifli Mohamad; Rodrı́guez-Méndez, M.L.; Job, Aldo Eloízo; Rodríguez‐Pérez, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1002/macp.201800295

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was interpreted that the formation of the epoxy groups increased the rigidity of the macromolecular chain. This finding is consistent with that of the previous studies ,,− about the effect of epoxidation on the glass transition temperature. Moreover, after DOPO grafting onto the macromolecular chain, T g increased more significantly.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

A Creative Approach to Prepare a Macromolecular Flame Retardant with Flexibility: DOPO-Modified Epoxidized Polybutadiene

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The incorporation of large loading of flame retardants generally causes embrittlement of materials. However, most of the rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers are flammable. Therefore, preparation of a flame retardant with potential toughening characteristics is urgently required for preparing materials with both good flame retardancy and toughness. The objective of the present work was to prepare a macromolecular flame retardant with good flexibility, that is, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-modified epoxidized polybutadiene (EPB–DOPO) via a creative approach of two-step reactions. First, polybutadiene (PB) was partially epoxidized to generate EPB; second, the reactive flame retardant DOPO reacted with epoxy groups to generate EPB–DOPO. EPB–DOPO with three epoxidation degrees was prepared: EPB5%–DOPO, EPB10%–DOPO, and EPB15%–DOPO. The chemical structure of EPB–DOPO was confirmed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that EPB–DOPO had good thermal stability. EPB10%–DOPO and EPB15%–DOPO passed the UL-94 V-2 and V-0 rating, respectively, and the gas-phase flame retardation mechanism was deduced. The glass transition temperature (T g) of EPB–DOPO prepared in this study was below −20 °C. Due to little char formation, EPB10%–DOPO and EPB15%–DOPO showed good resilience even after flame ignition. This study has provided a creative strategy to prepare a macromolecular flame retardant with good flexibility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

A Creative Approach to Prepare a Macromolecular Flame Retardant with Flexibility: DOPO-Modified Epoxidized Polybutadiene

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…This improvement was attributed to the ring-opening reaction between the epoxy groups of ENR and the Si-OH groups on the silica surface which improved the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and enhanced the interfacial interactions between rubber and silica ( Figure 4 ). Salmazo et al produced SMR-L and ENR-25 foams separately in the presence of ADC and cured with different electron beam irradiation doses (50, 100 and 150 kGy) [ 108 ]. Their results revealed that ENR foams had higher cell nucleation rates and less cell degradation than those produced from SMR-L alone.…”

Section: Rubber Foaming Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Rostami‐Tapeh‐Esmaeil

Vahidifar

Esmizadeh

et al. 2021

Polymers

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With the ever-increasing development in science and technology, as well as social awareness, more requirements are imposed on the production and property of all materials, especially polymeric foams. In particular, rubber foams, compared to thermoplastic foams in general, have higher flexibility, resistance to abrasion, energy absorption capabilities, strength-to-weight ratio and tensile strength leading to their widespread use in several applications such as thermal insulation, energy absorption, pressure sensors, absorbents, etc. To control the rubber foams microstructure leading to excellent physical and mechanical properties, two types of parameters play important roles. The first category is related to formulation including the rubber (type and grade), as well as the type and content of accelerators, fillers, and foaming agents. The second category is associated to processing parameters such as the processing method (injection, extrusion, compression, etc.), as well as different conditions related to foaming (temperature, pressure and number of stage) and curing (temperature, time and precuring time). This review presents the different parameters involved and discusses their effect on the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of rubber foams. Although several studies have been published on rubber foams, very few papers reviewed the subject and compared the results available. In this review, the most recent works on rubber foams have been collected to provide a general overview on different types of rubber foams from their preparation to their final application. Detailed information on formulation, curing and foaming chemistry, production methods, morphology, properties, and applications is presented and discussed.

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“…Density and indentation hardness are important physical parameters for NRLFs because density dictates the weight of the final products for lightweight design applications. Additionally, indentation hardness impacts the load-bearing capacity of the foam, especially for body-supporting applications [11] , [37] . Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic-assisted Dunlop method for natural rubber latex foam production: Effects of irradiation time on morphology and physico-mechanical properties of the foam

Sukkaneewat

Utara

2022

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights Ultrasonication is incorporated with the Dunlop method as a novel alternative technique for producing natural rubber latex foam. Ultrasonic irradiation effects on the properties of flexible elastomeric foam formed via liquid–solid state transformation in an aqueous media are first reported. The introduced ultrasonic process causes no delays or interruptions in the production of natural rubber latex foam. An optimal ultrasonication period promotes homogeneous nucleation and endothermic dissipation processes, which improved the foam's morphology and physico-mechanical properties.

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Study of the Foaming Kinetics in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Foams Crosslinked by Electron Beam Irradiation

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

A Creative Approach to Prepare a Macromolecular Flame Retardant with Flexibility: DOPO-Modified Epoxidized Polybutadiene

A Creative Approach to Prepare a Macromolecular Flame Retardant with Flexibility: DOPO-Modified Epoxidized Polybutadiene

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Ultrasonic-assisted Dunlop method for natural rubber latex foam production: Effects of irradiation time on morphology and physico-mechanical properties of the foam

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