Study of surface charge and chemical properties of ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with Indonesian sub-bituminous coal

Abstract

Contamination of mercury (Hg) in ex-gold mining soil is the impetus for the development of amelioration technology that utilizes Indonesian sub-bituminous coal to study the soil surface charge and the chemical properties of ex-gold mining soil. This research was aimed to study surface charge and chemical properties of ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with Indonesian sub-bituminous coal. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment was implemented in a pot with the equivalent dose: A = 0 (0.0g); B = 10 (0.5g); C = 20 (1.0g); D = 30 (1.5g), and (E) 40 t ha−1 (2g 100g−1 soil). The results showed amelioration technology with Indonesian sub-bituminous coal, at the application of 40 t ha-1 on ex-gold mining soils, could increase the soil surface charge (ΔpH) by 0.60 through changes in chemical properties of the ex-gold mining soil, where there was an increase in pH (H2O) EC, CEC, and SOM, respectively of 0.37; 0.04 dS m−1; 2.14 cmol kg−1 and 7.83% compared to the control. Soil surface charge was supported by soil minerals [Quartz (SiO2)] and an increase in the chemical properties of the ex-mining soil ameliorated with Indonesian sub-bituminous coal which caused Hg to decrease by 2.50 mg kg−1 compared to the control.

Effect of glyphosate contamination on surface charge change and nutrients of degraded Inceptisols ameliorated with sub-bituminous coal

“…Subbituminous coal (SC) was obtained from Nagari Bonjol Pasaman, West Sumatra at a depth of 1-2 m soil. SC was cleaned and pulverized with Disc Mill model FFC 23 and sieved for 10 minutes with Electromagnetic Sieve Shaker EMS-8 sieve measuring 500 m. SC powder was weighed based on the application dose used in this study, which was 40 t ha -1 (100 g SC 5 kg -1 soil) based on previous research data (Herviyanti et al, 2023;Maulana et al, 2023;Prasetyo et al, 2023). Soil samples were collected in a composite from Nagari Sariak, Sungai Pua, Agam West Sumatera, with GPS coordinates of -0021'56" S and 100024'0" E, at depths ranging from 0 to 20 cm.…”

“…The increase of soil pH with the application of 40 t sub-bituminous coal ha -1 increased glyphosate uptake in the soil. Sub-bituminous coal contains COOH and OH functional groups, which can increase soil pH when applied to soil (Prasetyo et al, 2023). According to Windom et al (2022), the distribution of glyphosate species as a function of pH with acid dissociation constants (pKa1 = 2.22, pKa2 = 5.44, and pKa3 = 10.13) at the carboxyl and amino groups.…”

“…Low-rank coal has the potential to be the highest source of humic substance (HS). Coal of the sub-bituminous type can be used to improve and increase the productivity of sub-optimal such as Inceptisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols (Akimbekov et al, 2021;Herviyanti et al, 2021;Prasetyo et al, 2021;Rezki et al, 2022) and ex-gold mining soil contaminated with Hg (Prasetyo et al, 2023). Although the potential and application of SC have been extensively studied, no study has been conducted to address pesticide residues such as herbicides from the active ingredient glyphosate.…”

Equilibrium study for mercury removal using sub-bituminous coal and its application on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with mercury

“…One type of low-rank coal used is subbituminous coal. Development in optimizing the utilization of sub-bituminous coal strategy in amelioration technology as a soil improver Subbituminous coal as a humic substance has been used on marginal lands such as Inceptisols, Ultisols (Herviyanti et al, 2021), and Oxisols (Herviyanti et al, 2019) and polluted soils (Prasetyo et al, 2023). Adsorption technology is a very effective method to reduce water and soil pollution.…”

Correlation of Hg-N on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with Sub-Bituminous coal and activation of Sub-Bituminous coal–NaOH

“…Optimization of SC utilization was also developed through a chemical activation process using alkaline materials. Based on various studies by Herviyanti et al, [11][12][13][14]; Prasetyo et al, [15,16] proved that NaOH is the best alkaline material for the SC activation process as a soil amendment. SC with alkaline materials has been used on marginal lands.…”