Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of organic matter (waste and biomass of agriculture) e.g young coconut waste (YCW). However, there is little information describing methods for producing biochar as an ameliorant for agriculture. Therefore, research is needed to determine the biochar characteristics of the Kon-Tiki, Drum, and Soil-Pit methods. This study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The results of biochar production with methods significant on temperature (682°C), moisture (81.27 %), dry weight (2.09 kg) and yield ratio (20.87%) of biochar, and characteristics of biochar from YCW on pH (10.82 unit), liming potential (5.50% CaCO3), proximate analysis (moisture of 38.80%; volatile matter of 62.73%; ash of 19.50% and fixed carbon of 43.22%), CEC (457.13 mmol kg−1), cation base (K of 356.14 and Na-exch of 131.28 mmol kg−1), Cárgame (0.35 g kg−1), and C Organic (14.27 g kg−1), with the recommended method of YCW biochar production using the Kon-Tiki method.
This research was aimed to study the effect of dolomite on chemical properties of peat soil and as well as on growth and yield of onion. The research was in form of pot experiment having 5 treatments (0 ton dolomite Ha-1 ; 2.5 ton dolomite Ha-1 ; 5 ton dolomite Ha-1 ; 7.5 ton dolomite Ha-1 ; 10 ton dolomite Ha-1) and 3 replications which were allocated in Completely Randomized Design. Parameters analyzed were pH H2O, available sulphur, available phosphorus, CEC, and exchangeable cations, as well plant height, plant dry weight, sulphur uptake, and diameter of tubers. Data resulted were analyzed the variance using F-test at 5% level of significance and then it was continued using Duncan New’s Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level if F-test > F-table. The results showed that 10 ton dolomite Ha-1was the optimum dose to improve chemical characteristics of peat soils. It increased pH H2O by 1.16 unit, sulphur uptake by 0.005 %, available phosphorus by 5.7 ppm, CEC by 9.67 Cmol Kg-1 and exchangeable K by 0.09 Cmol Kg-1, Mg by 0.19 Cmol Kg-1, Ca by 0.31 Cmol Kg-1 compared to soil without treatment ( 0 ton Ha-1 ). It also increased production of onion, especially plant height by 22.63 cm, plant fresh weight by 43.14 g and dry weight by 2.89 g, tuber fresh weight by 21.92 g, and dry weight by 2.89 g, sulphur uptake by 0.03 %, and diameter of tubers from none to be 2.00 cm compared to soil without treatment.Key words : dolomite, peat soils, onion, soil chemical characteristics
One of the qualities of biochar is determined by the method in biochar production. The development of methods is carried out in traditional (Soil-Pit), conventional (Drum), and modern ways (Kon-Tiki). Thus, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the method in biochar production. The treatment units were allocated based on a Completely Randomized Design with three replication. The results showed that the characteristics of bamboo biochar based on the method of biochar production has a significant on the duration of firing and moisture of biochar and chemical properties of bamboo biochar on pH, EC, liming potential, proximate analysis, CEC, and cation bases (K, Ca and Na-exch), C Inorganic and C Organic. The best method of production of biochar bamboo is modern ways (Kon-Tiki) because it has effective time in the process production, high moisture, yield ratio compared to other methods, and less smoke so it can reduce air pollution.
The research about “Incubation of titonia for organic acid production in rice field” has been conducted in soil laboratory Agriculture Collage Andalas University Padang, since January to August 2005. The objective of this research was to determine the best method of using titonia to produce organic acids in rice field. The research had 2 factors, 3 series of titonia application and 5 levels of titonia dossages with 3 replications. The series are: A1 = Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was directly flooded; A2 = Titonia was mixed with soil and then, let them stay on soil surface for 3 weeks before being flooded; A3 = Titonia was mixed with soil and then, the soil was moistened until field capacity for 3 weeks before being flooded. The second factor was titonia dossages (0,000; 1,250; 2,500; 3,750; 5,000 g dry weight of titonia per kg soil). The result showed that organic acids of the soil had been changed as a consequence of titonia application and the incubation with soil. The highest organic acid production was found at combination of titonia incubation with soil at field capacity for 3 weeks, that was malat acid (184-489 mgl-1). The others detected were citrate, tartarate, malate, and benzoat acids, butt fenolate acids was not detected. Keywords: incubation, organic acids, rice field, titonia.
This study consisted of two stages of the experiment, in which the first phase was aimed to test the level of activity unproductive coal powder (sub-bituminous) activated with urea (CO(NH2)2). Experiment II was aimed to select the dose of Urea was right in fixing chemical properties sub-bituminous powder to be applied to mineral soil acidic (Ultisols). Experiment I form into activation powder sub-bituminous (50 g) with urea at a dose of 1,
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