Study of root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in an indian population

Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe the external and internal anatomy of the mandibular premolars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 extracted human permanent mandibular first and second premolars teeth were collected. The length of the tooth from the cusp tip to root apex was measured with the help of Vernier calliper. In case of curved roots, ligature wire was adapted to the root and then straightened and measured. Each tooth was examined for the number of roots, curvature of root, presence of root canal invagination. India ink was injected into the pulp chamber through the access opening with a no.27 gauge needle mounted on a disposable syringe. The ink was then drawn through the root canal system by applying negative pressure to the apical end of tooth with the use of central suction system. RESULTS: The average (mean) length of mandibular first premolar was 22.25 mm. Average (mean) length of mandibular second premolar was 21.90 mm. Mandibular first premolar had a ribbon shaped root canal orifice in 35% of teeth. Mandibular second premolar had a ribbon shaped of root canal orifice in 44% teeth. Mesial invagination of the root was found in 18% of first and 8% second mandibular premolar teeth. 78% had a Type I canal pattern with Type II, Type IV, Type V, Type VI and Type VII canals being identified in 1%, 2%, 13%, 2% and 1% of the teeth respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Complex root canal anatomy frequently found with mandibular premolars among which more common with mandibular first premolars in Indian population.

Cone-beam computed tomography study of root number and root canal configuration of premolars in Serbian population

“…A study by Singh and Pawar [11] showed a significantly lower frequency of Type I (66%) in Indian population, as compared to stud-Indian population, as compared to stud-population, as compared to studies in other ethnic populations. In our study, among teeth with two root canals, we observed only type II and type III configuration, which is similar to previous studies [7,8,15]. There are no previous studies showing the configuration of the root canals of mandibular premolars in Serbian population.…”

“…The present study showed that all mandibular second premolars had one root and most of the teeth had type I configuration (96.2%). In most of the previous studies, a high incidence of type I was also observed [3,[7][8][9][10]15]. A study by Singh and Pawar [11] showed a significantly lower frequency of Type I (66%) in Indian population, as compared to stud-Indian population, as compared to stud-population, as compared to studies in other ethnic populations.…”

“…In previous studies, a variety of methods were used for evaluating the internal morphology of teeth in laboratory and clinical settings [4,9,11,13,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Laboratory methods are highly accurate, whereas the clearing and staining technique is considered the gold standard in assessing root canal morphology, but their implementation requires tooth extraction [4].…”

“…Configurations with multiple root canals in maxillary first premolars vary from 37% to 86% [3,10]. A single root canal in mandibular first premolars in different populations is seen from 66% to 94% [3,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The study of Trope et al demonstrated that premolar teeth with multiple root canals are more frequently observed in black people [16].…”

“…There are various methods used for studying internal root morphology. The most common methods include clearing and staining techniques [4,9,11,15,[18][19][20][21][22], cross-sections [23], radiographic techniques and others [13,24]. These methods require the use of extracted teeth, and some methods require complete destruction of the observed samples.…”