Study of Risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Urban Slums of Patna

Abstract

Background Coronary Heart Diseases (CHDs) are imminent cause of disability and death with economic adverse effects in the disadvantaged population in India. Materials and Methods This population based study was conducted from 1st December 2010 till 31st May 2011 among the adults in the slums of Patna to assess the magnitude and risk factors of CHDs concerning age, sex, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and random capillary blood glucose (RCBG). Results Among 3118 participants 16.36 percent (males 18.79 %, females 14.48 %) were hypertensive; 26.3 percent (males 25.94 %, females 26.58 %) had elevated RCBG; 4.46 percent were Diabetic. High body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) was noted in 31.94 percent (males 31.83%, females 32.03%), 50.45 percent (males 39.1%, females 59.17%), 86.53 percent (male 83.12%, female 89.15%) respectively; tobacco users were 12.54 percent, while 9.14 percent reported alcohol consumption; 33.64 percent were sedentary (males 30.55%, females 37.65%). BMI, WC, WHtR, tobacco use, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.05). Elevated RCBG was significantly associated with increased BMI, WC, WHtR. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that BMI, WHtR and alcohol were associated with hypertension, not with elevated RCBG. ConclusionOur study indicated that CHDs and their risk factors are not only limited to affluent societies but also affect the underprivileged mass. Preventive care and multipronged intervention including extensive behavior change communication needs to be organized to reduce the risk of CHDs in urban poor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i3.6902Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(3): 205-12

Gender difference in drinking among the urban squatters of Nepal

“…Consistent results have been reported in number of studies, conducted among urban poor, across the globe (16)(17)(18). The finding also went in line with the Nepalese study featuring Sinamangal slum of Kathmandu Valley (10).…”

“…Almost all studies among different segments of the population of Nepal showed consistent result, with limited share of women in drinking (11)(12)(13)(14). An increasing body of literature in developing countries showed consistent gender differences in drinking of the urban poor (10,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Gender difference related data on drinking of urban poor's is scarce in Nepal.…”

Behavioural Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases among Nepalese Urban Poor: A Descriptive Study from a Slum Area of Kathmandu

“…But compared to the urban poor from Kerala, India, there is not a large difference (37.3%) [25]. By gender-wise stratification also, more men and women in our study smoke compared to the of the Nepal's national data (31.2% and 15.5%) [19], the urban population of Myanmar (44.8 and 7.8%) [22], and the urban slum of Patna (21.15% and 5.91%) [24]. Comparatively, fewer women (12.2%) and more men (62.6%) in the Kerala slum smoked [25].…”

“…Prevalences of alcohol consumption in the males and females of the study area were higher than the national averages for men (39.3%) and women (16.5%) [19]. Among males, the current drinking rate is higher than that in their counterparts from Patna (16.65%) [24] and Kerala (45.4%) [25]. The highest prevalence of current drinking was seen in the 35-44 years age group (72.1%).…”

“…of Myanmar (22.0%) [22] and the Chennai (20.2%) [23] and Patna (12.54%) [24] slums of India but lower than that in the Mumbai slum (66.7%) [18]. But compared to the urban poor from Kerala, India, there is not a large difference (37.3%) [25].…”