Study of performance and emission characteristics of IC engines by using diesel–water emulsion

Performance, combustion, and emissions in a diesel engine operated with fuel-in-water emulsions based on lignin

“…According to Javier et al [18] NO x formation is reduced as a result of a lower flame temperature as well as in increase in OH radicals which would react with excess oxygen thus reducing the amount of NO x formed. The decrease in NO x for emulsions is supported by previous results [4,6,7,9,11,[13][14][15][16]18]. There is a correlation between peak heat release rate and NO x for diesel, biodiesel and their emulsions as shown in Fig.…”

“…Research work in Refs. [8][9][10][11][12][13] showed a reduction in NO x , soot, HC and PM emissions, and an improvement of combustion efficiency for diesel-water emulsions. Alahmer et al observed that as water content increased, BSFC increased at high engine speeds, BTE decreased, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) decreased, and NO x also decreased [10].…”

“…Fuel emulsions are produced when fuel and water are mixed together in the presence of a surfactant with either water as the continuous phase and the fuel as the dispersed phase or vice versa. A number of reports exists on the use of emulsions containing waste cooking oil [5], animal fat [6], biofuel [7] and diesels [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Three -phase emulsions [14][15][16] and diesel-ethanol emulsions have been tested in diesel engines [17].…”

Production characterization and working characteristics in DICI engine of Pongamia biodiesel

“…Further the smoke opacity for Pongamia biodiesel is comparatively less than that of neat diesel because biodiesel has more oxygen content and it is effected as improved combustion phase. It is further noticed from the figure that the reduction of smoke emissions for the biodiesel emulsion fuel compared to biodiesel is due to the presence of water vapor in the combustion chamber (micro explosion effect), further it leads to dilution in the concentration of black smoke (Saravanan et al, 2013;Sadhik Basha and Anand, 2011;Kannan and Anand, 2011;Armas et al, 2005;Crookes et al, 1992). BSNO emission is high for biodiesel compared to the neat diesel due to its high oxygen content and peak combustion temperature.…”

Performance Evaluation of Water Emulsion Fuel Used in Internal Combustion Engine

“…The results showed that when engine load was 180 Nm with the conditions of 0%-20% water emulsion ratio and 21%-21.5% intake oxygen concentration, as well as under the condition of 100% load with 10%-15% water emulsion ratio and 21%-22% intake oxygen concentration, the NO-Smoke emissions were lower than that of original engine and BSFC was not exceeding 5% of the original engine by optimized combination of water emulsion ratio and oxygen concentration.M. Saravanan , A. Anbarasu , B. M. Gnanasekaran [10] presented in their technical paper internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during combustion process. The emissions exhausted in to the surroundings pollute the atmosphere and causes several problems.…”