Study of oxide and α-Zr(O) growth kinetics from high temperature steam oxidation of Zircaloy-4 cladding

Sawarn, Tapan K.; Banerjee, Suparna; Samanta, Akanksha; Rath, B.N.; Kumar, Sunil

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.012

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The n value of ≈1/2 hints that the Zr oxidation follows parabolic kinetics, indicative of a diffusion-controlled mechanism. This is similar to previous reports [40][41][42] . However, the rate constant (k = 146.9 μm h −0.52 ) is large, the oxidation rate (or the growth of ZrO 2 layer) of Zr is quite fast.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Oxidation behavior of Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding in high-temperature steam above 1200 °C

et al. 2021

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Dense, uniform, and well-adhered chromium (Cr) coatings were deposited on zirconium (Zr) alloy claddings by using physical vapor deposition (PVD). The Cr-coated samples were tested at 1200 oC and 1300 oC, respectively, for different exposure time in water steam environment. Microstructures and compositions of the coating/substrate system after oxidation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and energy dispersion spectrometer. The microstructural results clearly demonstrated that Cr2O3 layer has been produced on the coating surface, acting as an oxygen diffusion barrier and concomitantly reducing the oxidation rate. The experimental results on weight gains soundly supported the microstructural findings that the Cr coatings could protect the Zr substrate from high-temperature steam oxidation, even at a temperature up to 1300 oC. Finally, the oxidation kinetics was theoretically analyzed and the underlying oxidation mechanism was also clarified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For pure Zr cladding tested at high-temperature steam environments [40][41][42] , all the previous investigations showed that the oxidation kinetics could be described by a parabolic law (exponent n ≈ 0.5). However, the oxidation of Cr in hightemperature steam was different in different works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oxidation behavior of Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding in high-temperature steam above 1200 °C

et al. 2021

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“…Other studies have also shown that Cr-coated zirconium alloy protects the underlying substrate from oxygen or hydrogen ingress and inhibits the formation of the brittle Zrα(O) phase and leads to a significant improvement in the post-quench ductility of the cladding [23]. The ductility of the Cr-coated cladding is indeed similar before and after high temperature oxidation and therefore retains its integrity even after relatively long exposure to high temperature steam for a 15 µm thick Cr coating up to at least 6000 s at 1200 • C [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Chromium Coated Zy-4 Cladding under CANDU Primary Circuit Conditions

et al. 2021

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The manuscript is focused on corrosion behavior of a Cr coating under CANada Deuterium Uranium(CANDU) primary circuit conditions. The Cr coating is obtained via the thermionic vacuum arc procedure on Zircaloy -4 cladding. The surface coating characterization was performed using metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectra detector (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations. The thickness of the Cr coating determined from SEM images is around 500 nm layers After the autoclaving period, the thickness of the samples increased in time slowly. The kinetic of oxidation established a logarithmic oxidation law. The corrosion tests for various autoclaving periods of time include electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic tests, permitting computing porosity and efficiency of protection. All surface investigations sustain electrochemical results and promote the Cr coating on Zircaloy-4 alloy autoclaved for 3024 h as the best corrosion resistance based on decrease in corrosion current density values simultaneously with the increase of the time spent in autoclave. A slow increase of Vickers micro hardness was observed as a function of the autoclaved period as well. The value reached for 3024 h being 219 Kgf/mm2 compared with 210 Kgf/mm2 value before autoclaving.

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“…The fuel rod will continue to heat up under the action of decay heat. At high temperatures, Zircaloy will oxidize with water/vapor, causing the fuel cladding to fail and producing a large amount of hydrogen [3] that accumulates in the shell mixed with oxygen and air and then explodes. This is how the explosion at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in March 2011 came about.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al Content on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Structure of CrAl Coatings

Meng

Wang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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The oxidation behaviors of Cr, Cr93.4Al6.6, Cr58.1Al41.9, and Cr34.5Al65.5 coatings, deposited by using multi-arc ion plating technology, at high temperature were studied. The weight gain, oxide thickness, morphology, and phase composition of the coatings before and after oxidation were analyzed in detail. The results show that there is an Al content window available for tuning the oxidation behaviors of the CrAl-based coatings. The Cr93.4Al6.6 coating is considered to be most protective and can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the substrate; whereas, too high an Al content has a harmful effect on the antioxidant properties of the coatings. The oxidation mechanism of Cr and CrAl coatings were also discussed.

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Study of oxide and α-Zr(O) growth kinetics from high temperature steam oxidation of Zircaloy-4 cladding

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Oxidation behavior of Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding in high-temperature steam above 1200 °C

Oxidation behavior of Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding in high-temperature steam above 1200 °C

Corrosion Behavior of Chromium Coated Zy-4 Cladding under CANDU Primary Circuit Conditions

Effect of Al Content on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Structure of CrAl Coatings

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