Study of nitration equilibrium in the glycerin-aqueous nitric acid system. 2. Changes in ?H and ?S in the nitration reaction

Kazakov, A. I.; Kirpichev, E. P.; Lagodzinskaya, G. V.; Andrienko, L. P.; Yunda, N. G.; Королев, А. М.; Rubtsov, Yu. I.; Манелис, Г. Б.; Erëmenko, L. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00961478

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Equilibrium reactions maybe calculated either sequentially or simultaneously. The equilibrium reactor model calculated the composition of the products for the reactions and stoichiometry given based on equilibrium constants were obtained from Kazakov et al [22] as a function of temperature for specific HNO 3 concentrations. The calculations were performed under equilibrium temperature.…”

Section: Experimental Section Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were analyzed with gas chromatography (430 GC, Bruker), equipped Calculated by hand calculation using heat of formation of nitric acid and water from HSC Chemistry, heat of formation of all products and glycerol are from Kazakov et al [23] Fig 1. The products of nitration of glycerol with flame ionization detector.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental results that Kazakov et al [23] were done stated that several reactions of nitration reactions above are exothermic reactions. Otherwise the other reactions are endothermic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) There have been several studies related to the nitration equilibrium in glycerol-aqueous nitric acid [22][23][24][25]. Experimental results that Kazakov et al [23] were done stated that several reactions of nitration reactions above are exothermic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If reaction is exothermic (ΔH o negative) the equilibrium constant will decrease when temperature is raised. Kazakov et al [22] described the temperature dependences of equilibrium constants of all the reactions above. The experimental equilibrium constants were fitted to a linear equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

Indones. J. Chem.

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Section: Experimental Section Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

Indones. J. Chem.

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Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Mufrodi

Astuti

Budiman

et al. 2020

Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future

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material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

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In the present study, a kinetic model of nitration between glycerol and nitric acid was developed. The presented model describes three controlling reactions model used elementary reactions consisting of three reversible reactions. The model utilizes first order reaction according to each reactant. The nitration of glycerol was modelled by fitting the kinetic model with 6 parameters, the rate constant at an average temperature and the activation energy. The reaction rate is assumed to be governed by three reactions, i.e. the formation of MNG (mononitroglycerin), the formation of DNG (dinitroglycerin) and the formation of TNG (nitroglycerin). The aim of this work is compare two models: seven controlling reactions model and three controlling reactions model. Two models have the similar trend. The three controlling reactions model gives better fit than seven controlling reactions model. The accuracy of three controlling reactions model is higher. The advantage of the seven controlling reactions model is this model can predict all products of nitration. So this model can be used at preliminary design plant. Three controlling reactions model can be used at next step, as design of reactor.

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Study of nitration equilibrium in the glycerin-aqueous nitric acid system. 2. Changes in ?H and ?S in the nitration reaction

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment

Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

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