Study of lung cancer histologic types, occupation, and smoking in missouri

Abstract

A case-control study of lung cancer was conducted to evaluate the relationship between lung cancer histologic types and occupation, adjusted for smoking. A total of 4,431 white male cases and 11,326 cancer controls, diagnosed between 1980 and 1985, were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry. For all histologic types combined, excess risk was observed among many a priori suspected high-risk occupations. Lung cancer was elevated among men employed as insulators (odds ratio [OR] = 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7, 137.8), carpenters (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.7), painters, plasterers, and wallpaper hangers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2,3.3), structural metal workers (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 0.6,6.0), mechanics and repairers (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0,1.7), motor vehicle drivers (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2,1.8), police and firefighters (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1,2.3), and food service personnel (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0,3.5). A deficit of lung cancer was observed among farmers (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.7,1.0). Adenocarcinoma of the lung was elevated among carpenters (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0,2.5) and cabinet and furniture makers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.4,8.1), which is interesting because of the previous reports of excess adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity associated with wood dust exposure. Adenocarcinomas were also elevated among plumbers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0,3.8) and printers (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.7,4.2). Electricians were at slightly increased risk for adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.7,2.8) and "other" or mixed cell types of lung cancer (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8,2.9) but at decreased risk for small cell (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.3,2.0) and squamous cell (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.4,1.6) tumors. Among welders, adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.7,3.8) and squamous cell (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.9,3.3) cancers were elevated, but small cell and "other" lung cancers were not. Despite the limitations of the Cancer Registry data, some interesting associations were observed that merit further study, particularly the association between lung adenocarcinoma and occupational exposure to wood and wood dust.

Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri.

“…Occupations were assigned to a high-risk or low-risk category based on a previous study of occupation and lung cancer in Missouri. 20 an OR of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.9, 1.9) at the moderate activity level and an OR of 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0, 3.0) at the low activity level.…”

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

“…The odds ratio for roofers and slaters, adjusted for tobacco smoking, was 1.7 (95% CI, 0.68-4.40; based on 13 exposed cases). Zahm et al (1989) conducted a case-control study of 4431 male residents in Missouri (USA) who were identified as lung cancer cases in 1980-85 at the Missouri Cancer Registry. Controls were selected from this Registry during the same period and comprised 11 326 white male Missouri residents who did not have cancer of the lip, oral cavity, oesophagus, lung, urinary bladder, ill-defined sites or unknown sites.…”

“…Personal interviews were conducted by trained interviewers, blinded to case/control status, to obtain information from the next of kin on residential, occupational and smoking histories and demographic data. Usual industry, adapted partly from the Standard Industrial Classification system, and usual job title were defined as those in which largest Boffetta (1994) Meta-analysis of Schoenberg et al (1987), Zahm et al (1989), Morabia et al (1992) Roofer and slater [a]pyrene; CI, confidence interval; RDD, random digit dialling number of years were spent. After exclusions, most of whom were non-respondents (response rate, 96% in cases and 94% in controls), the effective numbers of cases and controls were 335 and 332, respectively.…”

“…[The Working Group noted that the control group included some cancer sites that are possibly related to exposure to PAHs, and thereby the odds ratio is potentially understimated. ]Partanen and Boffetta (1994) conducted a meta-analysis of the results of Schoenberg et al (1987), Zahm et al (1989) and Morabia et al (1992) for roofers and slaters. The overall relative risk was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.23-2.76; based on 26 exposed cases).…”

Lung cancer risk in painters: a meta-analysis

“…Wherever possible for the proportionate mor tality studies, we used proportional cancer mor-tality ratios (calculating expected proportions of cancer deaths based on the proportion of cancer mortality in the reference population) in the anal ysis instead of PMRs as a more conservative ap proach, because proportional cancer mortality ratios provide a better risk estimate for specific cancer sites when the PMR for all cancer is artifi cially inflated by a deficit in other causes of death (Dalager et al 1980) Subgroup analyses were conducted by fur ther restriction to studies with stronger method ologies, such as those studies that adjusted for smoking (Baccarelli et al 2005;BrüskeHohlfeld et al 2000;Burns and Swanson 1991;DeStefani et al 1996DeStefani et al , 2005Dunn and Weir 1965;Hrubec et al 1995;Jahn et al 1999;Kjuus et al 1986;Lerch en et al 1987;Levin et al 1988;Matos et al 2000;Morabia et al 1992;Muscat et al 1998;Notani et al 1993;Pezzotto and Poletto 1999;Pronk et al 2009;Richiardi et al 2004;Ronco et al 1988;Siemiatycki 1991;vanLoon et al 1997;Viadana et al 1976;Vineis et al 1988;Williams et al 1977;WünschFilho et al 1998;Zahm et al 1989;Zeka et al 2006), other occupa-tional risk factors (Jahn et al 1999;Ron co et al 1988;Stockwell and Matanoski 1985;van Loon et al 1997), or population-based case-con trol studies that adjusted for smoking (Brüske-Hohlfeld et al 2000;Burns and Swanson 1991;…”