Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri.

Brownson, Ross C.; Chang, Jincai; Davis, James R.; Smith, Charles A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.81.5.639

Cited by 166 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our findings are in agreement with a majority of previous studies showing a statistically significant inverse association between high level of recreational activity (Oliveria et al, 1996;Albanes et al, 1989;Hartman et al, 1998;Severson et al, 1989) and occupational activity (Brownson et al, 1991;Dosemeci et al, 1993;Hsing et al, 1994;Bairati et al, 2000;Clarke and Whittemore, 2001) and prostate cancer risk, but in contrast to two studies showing significant positive association (Ilic et al, 1996;Cerhan et al, 1997). In a follow-up study by Health Professionals, an inverse association with recreational physical activity was observed for metastatic prostate cancer only (Giovannucci et al, 1998).…”

Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 93%

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

et al. 2002

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We investigated effects of occupational physical activity on relative risk for prostate cancer. From Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, we defined two cohorts of men whose occupational titles allowed classification of physical activity levels at work in 1960 (n=1 348 971) and in 1970 (n=1 377 629). A third cohort included only men whose jobs required a similar level of physical activity in both 1960 and 1970 (n=673 443). The incidence of prostate cancer between 1971 and 1989 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. A total of 43 836, 28 702, and 19 670 prostate cancers, respectively, occurred in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts, the relative risk for prostate cancer increased with decreasing level of occupational physical activity (P50.001), using Poisson regression. Among men with the same physical activity levels in 1960 and 1970, the rate ratio was 1.11 for men with sedentary jobs as compared with those whose jobs had very high/high activity levels after adjustment for age at follow-up, calendar year of follow-up and place of residence (95% CI 1.05 -1.17; P for trend 50.001). There was no association between occupational activity and prostate cancer mortality. Since we had no data on other potential risk factors the observed associations for both incidence and mortality might have been confounded. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer. Keywords: prostatic neoplasms; occupational physical activity; exercise; cohort studies; risk factors Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Swedish men (31.5% of all cancer cases in men in 1999 and incidence rate 159 per 100 000) and the incidence rate has been steadily increasing since the 1960s (The Swedish Cancer Registry, 2001). The causes of prostate cancer are not clearly understood and genetic and environmental/life style factors seem to be important (Ross and Schottenfeld, 1996).Epidemiological studies of physical activity and prostate cancer risk have been inconclusive, but suggest a protective effect with higher levels of activity (Friedenreich and Thune, 2001). The theory is biologically plausible since physical activity may affect serum levels of testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and regulate the immune system (Chan et al, 1998b;McTiernan et al, 1998;Friedenreich and Thune, 2001). Moreover, physical activity might alter prostate cancer risk indirectly, by influencing body weight . In a prospective study, both cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported history of sports activities were inversely related to prostate cancer risk (Oliveria et al, 1996).We used the nationwide, Swedish Cancer-Environment Register 60/70, to assess risk for prostate cancer in relation to occupational physical activity. We focused on men employed in 1960, and in 1970, with special attention given to men with the same level of occupational physical activity at these two assessments 10 years apart. The large number of observed prostate cancer case...

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Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 93%

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

et al. 2002

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“…According to multivariate analysis the following factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease, specific occupational exposure, nephrolithiasis, 'other diseases', greater number (>3) of brothers and greater number (>8) of sexual partners (Table VI (Lee et al, 1992). However, epidemiological data on physical activity have not been consistent (Brownson et al, 1991;Paffenbarger et al, 1987). In our study, occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease was a risk factor for prostate cancer.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 63%

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Ilic

Vlajinac²,

Marinković³

1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (±2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)= 3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR= 3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (>3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.

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“…From 422 unique studies identified using the search strategy, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria (13)(14)(15)(16)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). One population-based case-control study by Campbell and colleagues, using the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance Study, reported and analyzed data from Ontario and seven other Canadian provinces separately using different physical activity measurement modality, and hence, these were analyzed as two separate studies (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Singh

Varayil

Devanna

et al. 2014

Cancer Prevention Research

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Physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the magnitude of the association and the quality of supporting evidence. After a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases and conference proceedings through February 2013 for observational studies that examined associations between recreational and/or occupational physical activity and gastric cancer risk, we identified 16 studies (seven cohort, nine case control) reporting 11,111 cases of gastric cancer among 1,606,760 patients. Summary adjusted-OR estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the risk of gastric cancer was 21% lower among the most physically active people as compared with the least physically active people (OR ¼ 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.87) with moderate heterogeneity among studies (I 2 ¼ 55%). This protective effect was seen for gastric cancers in the cardia (four studies; OR ¼ 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.00) and distal stomach (five studies; OR ¼ 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76). The effect size was significantly smaller in highquality studies (six studies; OR ¼ 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.99), as compared with low-quality studies (10 studies; OR ¼ 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.81). The results were consistent across sex, study quality, study design, and geographic location. In conclusion, meta-analysis of published observational studies indicates that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer. Lifestyle interventions focusing on increasing physical activity may decrease the global burden of gastric cancer, in addition to a myriad of other health benefits. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 12-22. Ó2013 AACR.

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Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri.

Cited by 166 publications

References 20 publications

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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