“…Lithography technology plays crucial roles in semiconductor integrated chip manufacturing, and lithography resolution is directly related to the process node. Lithography light source has developed from ultraviolet: 436 nm (g-line), 405 nm (hline), 365 nm (i-line) to deep ultraviolet (DUV) 248 nm (KrF), 193 nm (ArF) and then to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) 13.5 nm [1][2][3] . The projection objective numerical aperture has been constantly increasing from 0.28 to 1.35.…”