Study of Influence of Operating Parameters on Braking Friction and Rolling Resistance

Abstract

Tire–road interaction addresses safety with respect to braking friction and energy efficiency in the context of rolling resistance. These phenomena are coherent, but their engineering solutions can be contradictory. For example, highly skid-resistant surfaces may not be ideal for fuel economy, but surfaces with low rolling resistance may be prone to skidding. Several experimental and numerical studies have investigated the individual phenomena, but insufficient attention has been paid to studying them coherently. The present study computed braking friction and rolling resistance for various operating parameters and their coherent response for each parameter with the use of a thermomechanical contact algorithm. Micromechanical finite element simulations of a rolling or braking pneumatic tire against selected asphalt concrete surfaces were performed for various operating conditions, such as tire load, inflation pressure, speed, and ambient air and pavement temperatures. The coefficients of braking friction and rolling resistance were found to decrease with the inflation pressure and the temperature and to increase with the wheel load. The braking friction coefficient was found to decrease with the speed, in contrast to the rolling resistance coefficient, which increases with the same parameter. A full-skidding tire registered lower braking friction than a 20% slipping tire. Also, an asphalt surface with higher macrotexture offered higher braking friction and higher rolling resistance, and vice versa.

Study of Influence of Operating Parameters on Braking Distance

“…The simulation was conducted using the commercial software Abaqus 6.13 (20) and an inhouse Fortran program. The detailed procedure of the development of the tire-pavement interaction model is discussed in the previous works (14,21,22). However, for the ease of the readers' understanding, a brief description is presented in this section.…”

“…The braking distances are calculated from the friction measurements. It should be noted that readers can refer to the authors' previous works (14,15) for details on this validation process.…”

“…However, this model neglects the effect of real pavement texture and slip conditions. Researchers have shown that the skid resistance prediction and thus the braking distance prediction by finite element model can be significantly improved if the effect of surface texture is brought into the model (14).…”

Finite Element Method-Based Skid Resistance Simulation Using In-Situ 3D Pavement Surface Texture and Friction Data

“…Wang and Al-Qadi, [32] and Zhou et al [33] investigated the influence of rubber asphalt pavement interface friction and tire maneuvering on tire asphalt pavement contact stresses and concluded that the exponential decay friction model proposed by Oden and Martins [34] was reasonable to predict the tire asphalt pavement interaction. Researchers from Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) [35,36,37,38] developed a temperature depended skid resistance simulation model considering actual asphalt pavement surface morphologies from X-ray scanning images. The relationship between skid resistance and traditional texture parameters such as MPD and mean texture depth (MTD) was discussed.…”

Effect of stone-on-stone contact on porous asphalt mixes: micromechanical analysis

“…Porous asphalt (PA) mix (also called open graded friction course mixture or permeable friction course mixture) is a pavement surfacing material with a high air voids content as compared to the commonly used dense asphalt (DA) mix. PA mix is known to have the advantage of improving skid resistance and reducing noise (Hardiman 2004, Mansour and Putman 2013, Srirangam et al 2015. It is also effective in reducing the splashing and spraying in wet weather to improve the safety of the pavement (Hardiman 2004, Mansour andPutman 2013).…”