Study of infection levels of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in a city of Nasiriyah – Iraq

Abstract

Tuberculosis happened because of bacteria M. tuberculosis it is complex and one of the world's leading causes of death. Mycobacterium TB is thought to have infected one-third of the world's population. The study of tuberculosis was conducted at a city of southern Iraq for 6-year (from 2014 to 2019). Patients of TB who were clinically identified at the chest clinics of the medical center for Mycobacterium TB diagnosis is based on isolating the tuberculosis germ from the patient's sputum culture, also X-rays or CT scans or PCR are important tools in supporting the diagnosis. In addition, a skin tuberculin test is performed, as a positive result supports the diagnosis of active tuberculosis but does not prove it. The number of isolates tested 3360 was 630 in 2014, 646 in 2015, 585 in 2016, 610 in 2017, 474 in 2018, and 415 in 2019. The current research was carried out from September 2020 to May 2021 in medical center in south of Iraq. Age, sex, educational status, residence, and marital status, history of previous contact with active TB patients, incarceration, and nutritional status were all utilized as variables in smear positive tuberculosis and pervious treatment for tuberculosis. Results of our survey study included samples from different people that suspect infected by M. tuberculosis .Out of them 2628 were with M. tuberculosis positive and 732 with negative. The important increase in the number of cases observed in the medical center in year (2014, 2015, 2017) apparent increase in infection resulted from an increase in detection rate or increased search for the condition, examination was performed on people men/ women ( child or adult ) whose clinical change deviated in any way from the normal, and that patients with mild signs had previously been overlooked, but in 2016 2018, 2019, there is appear decrease in number of tuberculosis , this is rented to health care or devices health care-associated infection, like those associated with vital signs or may be early diagnosis to tuberculosis and last it is caused by using antibiotic with high activity. The research aims to know and study the causes of the increase in tuberculosis and the age groups that can be infected.

Antibiotic knowledge and practices of students attending in Medical Institute / Southern Technical University

“…This is in line with a South African study wherein the majority of medical students expressed a desire for greater instruction regarding the responsible administration of antibiotics [33]. According to other studies, medical students should receive a sufficient education on the responsible use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance because they will be the ones writing prescriptions later on [34], [35], [36].…”

Antibacterial Activity and Extraction of Triterpenoid to lantana camara L. in Iraq

“…These would be Put it plates of culture medium that equally spread with an inoculum of the isolated bacteria to be examined. A level of sensitivity has been assessed following incubation by measuring easily visible Regions of inhibitional grow; it causes diffusion of the antibiotic from disk to medium [14][15]. Lantadenes A and B were identified as dangerous compounds of L. camara reach to a composition of 2.2% of a dried weight in both stems and leaves in a thorough study of structural elucidation.…”