Study of Hydroquinone Mediated Cytotoxicity and Hypopigmentation Effects from UVB-Irradiated Arbutin and DeoxyArbutin

Abstract

Arbutin (Arb) and deoxyArbutin (dA) are both effective hypopigmentation agents. However, they are glucoside derivatives of hydroquinone (HQ), which may be decayed into HQ under higher energy environments. Therefore, safety and toxicity are very important issues when considering the usage of these compounds. However, no study has verified the properties of Ultra-Violet B (UVB)-irradiated Arb and dA. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity and hypopigmentation effects of UVB-irradiated Arb and dA in Detroit 551 human fibroblast cells and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results showed that UVB-irradiated Arb and dA have strong cytotoxicity for the fibroblast cells, especially for dA, the caspase-3 is also activated by the treatment of UVB-irradiated dA in Detroit 551 cells. The results correlated with the produced HQ. In addition, UVB-irradiated Arb and dA suppressed the production of melanin in melanoma cells; this is due to the release of HQ that compensates for the UVB triggered Arb and dA decomposition.

<p>Chrysanthemum Morifolium Extract And Ascorbic Acid-2-Glucoside (AA2G) Blend Inhibits UVA-Induced Delayed Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Production In Melanocytes</p>

“…The cells were sub-cultured in T75 flasks three to four days each to sustain regular growth. 29 Melan-a (Mel-a) cells were purchased from Welcome Trust Functional Genomic Cell Bank, St. George Medical School, University of London, London (United Kingdom). Cells were grown in RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S Solution, 100x, 1% amphotericin B, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 200nM tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA).…”

The risk of chemical leucoderma with skin‐lightening therapies

“…Hydroquinone, another phenol‐based compound, is considered as the gold‐standard treatment for melasma. Melanocyte cytotoxicity related to hydroquinone is a recognized phenomenon and is thought to be due to generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn initiate an autoimmune response, potentially giving explanation to depigmentation at distant sites 5,6 . The genetic predisposition to such autoimmunity is offered as an explanation into why this phenomenon may not be seen in all individuals exposed to these chemicals 5 .…”

“…There are other phenolic cosmetic skin‐lightening agents, including arbutin, resorcinol, kojic acid and salicylic acid, but melanocyte cytotoxicity has not been reported with these ingredients. However, an in vitro study reported cell cytotoxicity with ultraviolet (UV)B‐irradiated arbutin and deoxyarbutin, which correlated with the UVB‐induced degradation into hydroquinone 6 …”

Pterostilbene Inhibits the Melanogenesis Activity in UVB-Irradiated B164A5 Cells

“…However, there are still the presence of side effects and limitations in these compounds, such as allergic reactions, irritation, cellular damage, and carcinogenesis. [9][10][11] Resveratrol is a stilbenoid compound present in the polyphenol group. It has been discovered as a good depigmentation agent that can inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce melanin production.…”