<p>Chrysanthemum Morifolium Extract And Ascorbic Acid-2-Glucoside (AA2G) Blend Inhibits UVA-Induced Delayed Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Production In Melanocytes</p>

Abstract

Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces DNA damages in skin via direct absorption of UVB or indirectly by photosensitization mediated through UVA. Recent findings have revealed that UVA induces cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) generation via chemiexcitation in melanocytes hours after the exposure. This UVA-induced delayed CPD (dark CPD) constitutes the majority of CPD in melanocytes. These findings indicate that sun light can damage the skin hours after the exposure, suggesting the need for skin care products post sun exposure. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether a blend of Chrysanthemum Morifolium flower extract (Chrys) and vitamin C derivative, Ascorbic Acid-2-Glucoside (AA2G), can provide protective effects against reactive oxygen species, melanin formation and UVA-induced dark CPD. Methods: Intracellular ROS levels were measured in epidermal keratinocytes using DHR123 dye. Melanogenesis inhibition efficacy was determined using B16 cells. As for the dark CPD measurement, Melan-a cells were treated with or without actives for 6 days, then irradiated with UVA at various doses. Cells were exposed with anti-CPD mAb followed by secondary Ab. CPD levels were determined by measuring fluorescent intensity using a high content imaging analysis. Results: Chrys, AA2G and their blend at various concentrations demonstrated ROS scavenging activity. Though Chrys alone did not show significant melanogenesis inhibition in B16 assay, the blend of Chrys with AA2G demonstrated additive effects in comparison with AA2G alone. The blend of AA2G and Chrys at various concentrations exhibited enhanced efficacy for inhibiting dark CPD compared to AA2G alone. Conclusion:The results from this study indicate that the use of natural antioxidant, Chrys in combination with AA2G, provides protection against UVA-induced delayed CPD formation by enhancing ROS scavenging activity and melanogenesis inhibition. These findings could potentially be applied for formulating post-sun exposure skin care products, possibly extending to evening-after care products.

<p>Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Skin Health and Disorders</p>

“…Skin serves as a protective barrier against environmental insults which can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 35 , 36 Oxidative stress induces cell damage and can result in chronic inflammation if left unchecked. It is also implicated in skin disorders and skin aging.…”

<p>An Open-Label Single-Arm, Monocentric Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Natural Pterostilbene (<em>Pterocarpus marsupium</em>) for Skin Brightening and Antiaging Effects</p>

“…12,15,22 The presence of methoxy groups in pterostilbene are reported to increase the lipophilicity, membrane permeability resulting in increased activity of the molecule. 23 Pterostilbene effectively scavenges several free radicals, attenuates oxidative stress by reducing ROS, increasing cellular antioxidants, via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in several cell lines. 24,25 It could downregulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines like IL6 and IL18, matrix metalloproteases and NFkB signaling, which can be associated with the antiaging benefits observed in the present study.…”

Clinical efficacy of dissolvable microneedles armed with anti‐melanogenic compounds to counter hyperpigmentation

“…**The absorption of UV light by epidermal melanin just below the skin surface results in the display and detection of UV spots that can result from sun damage a relatively brighter in color. 26,27 The multifunctional formulation with reported efficacy of each and every ingredient against the sign of hyperpigmentation was collectively demonstrated for its safety and efficacy. Since it is a paramount task to link any ingredient individually with detected outcomes of the clinical trial, the effect of actives on subjects was determined cumulatively.…”

“…The formulation of the test product is completed with the addition of an indispensable antioxidant of ascorbic acid. Its stable form (AA2G) has provided extra protection against Uv‐A and Uv‐B together with keeping the melanin in a relatively brighter in color 26,27 . The multifunctional formulation with reported efficacy of each and every ingredient against the sign of hyperpigmentation was collectively demonstrated for its safety and efficacy.…”