Study of Geochemical Association of Some Trace Metals in the Sediments of Chilika Lake: A Multivariate Statistical Approach

Abstract

In order to establish the natural processes and geochemical factors responsible for enrichment of trace metal ions (Cu, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr) with respect to textural parameters (sand, silt and clay weight percentages) along with depth, multivariate statistical approach has been carried out for sediments in different water zones of Chilika lake, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia. The rotated varimax factor results reveal that Cobalt enrichment is controlled by both textural parameters as well as adsorption mechanism. In fresh and saline water region, textural parameters and in mixed water, adsorption phenomenon predominates. Zn in fresh water is related to clay, whereas it is in adsorbed state in mixed water. Cu in fresh water sediments is in absorbed state and in mixed water it is related to depth and Co concentration. Cr does not show any specific association in fresh water, but in both mixed and saline water it is associated with clay minerals. Although both textural parameters and adsorption mechanism play an important role for the enrichment of trace metal ions in these lagoonal sediments, their relative importance varies with specific metal ions as well as the water quality. Sequential extraction technique was used to characterize the various forms of metals in the < 63 micro size sediments of Chilika lake. The concentrations determined indicated selective accumulation of the various metals in the different phases with spatial variability in different water zones. Slightly higher availability of Co and Zn near Balugaon township in exchangeable phase may be related to anthropogenic activities. Among the non-lithogenous (NL) phases, reducible phase associated with higher concentration of Ni, Cu and Cr. Organic bound Zn and Co contributed highest percentages among NL fractions. Residual fraction contributed more than 50% in most of the cases, reflected the predominance of physical weathering, high erosion rate along the drainage basin.

Distribution and Source Identification of Heavy Metal Concentration in Chilika Lake, Odisha India:An Assessment Over Salinity Gradient

“…This study shows that concentration of Pb has decreased over the years, although the present concentration is still higher than the world rock average. Cobalt concentration is still high, particularly in Balugaon and Kaluparaghat, probably due to the impact of Balugaon township, thus corroborating with the finding of Panda et al 11 .…”

“…Unlike other coastal lagoons, the salinity of Chilika Lake fluctuates over a high range 11 resulting in variations in physical and chemical parameters of lagoon water.…”

“…Freshwater emerging from River Mahanadi flows into the Chilika Lake and mixes with saline water entering from the Bay of Bengal. This generates three zones with varying salinity such as freshwater, brackish water and saline water environments 11 . The first station, Rambhartia (N1, 193925N; 852743E) is situated near the sea mouth.…”

Influence of Monsoon on Macrobenthic Assemblage in Outer Channel Area of Chilika Lagoon, East Coast of India

“…Naming a few Bhattacharya et al, 1994;Panigrahy (2000); Chandramohan and Nayak,(1994) have enumerated the geology, geomorphology and tidal variation in the lagoon. Panda et al, (2006) have studied the distribution of trace metals in the surficial sediment, while Sahu and Adhikary, (1999) and Shaw et al, (2000) elucidated the distribution of seaweed and macrophytes, Panigrahy(1985); Panigrahi (2006Panigrahi ( ,2007Panigrahi ( ,2009) have described for phytoplankton and primary productivity potentiality of the lagoon where as Nayak et al, (2004) ;Panigrahi, (2009) and Mohapatra et al, (2007) studied the water chemistry and fishery production of the lake and the works of Zoological Survey of India regarding fauna of Chilika lake (ZSI 1995). Perusal of the literature has suggested that attention towards the study of macrobenthic organisms in the Chilika lake is still scarce.…”

Environmental behaviour of strontium in some salt affected soils along the Western North coast of Egypt

“…PCA with varimax rotation was performed with respected factor loadings were calculated using eigen values >1. The factor loadings may be classified as strong , moderate and week considering their significant influence in the geochemical processes corresponding to absolute loading values of > 0.70, 0.70 0.50 and 0.50 0.40, respectively (Liu et al, 2003;Panda et al, 2006). In the current study factor analysis separate the soil analysis data into three factors, which describe the distribution of elements in the studied soils.…”