Study of deformation states in metals exposed to intense-pulsed-ion beams (IPIB)

Texture and Microstructure at the Surface of an AISI D2 Steel Treated by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Among these pulsed beam techniques, high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) is a relatively new technique. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The high-density electron pulses of short duration induce a fast heating and cooling cycle at the sample surface as well as the propagation of a stress wave into the bulk.…”

Formation of hardened layer in WC–TiC–Co alloy by treatment of high intensity pulse ion beam and compression plasma flows

“…The number of cracks, their length and penetration depth increase with the rise of HPIB energy density exceeding the thickness of fused layer by several times. The formation of great number of cracks in carbide particles below fused layer is caused by influence of power shock wave with the pressure in the region of 2-12 GPa forming during HPIB treatment [11,12]. The shock wave may arise when the duration of pulsed ion influence upon material is less than the time of sound propagation in depth of modified layer.…”

Nonequilibrium structural condition in the medical TiNi-based alloy surface layer treated by electron beam

“…The way in which high-energy charged particle beams interact with materials and the applicability of this interaction in industry ensures much research interest [1][2][3][4]. The action of a high-energy pulse on the metal or alloy surface represents a single superfast thermal cycle of heating (melting) and cooling (quenching) with dynamic loading resulting in severe deformation [5].…”

“…The action of a high-energy pulse on the metal or alloy surface represents a single superfast thermal cycle of heating (melting) and cooling (quenching) with dynamic loading resulting in severe deformation [5]. All these processes in a single cycle change the chemical and phase compositions, giving rise to nonequilibrium microstructures, both in directly affected thin near-surface regions and in deeper materials layers [1][2][3][4]. The thus changed composition and surface layer structure provides improvement of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of materials to a level often unattainable by other more widely used methods of surface treatment [6].…”

“…Research results on low-energy high-current pulsed electron beam treatment of different materials, mainly steels, [1][2][3][4][5][6][8][9] show that the modified near-surface region can be divided into three successive layers differing in thickness: (1) a melted and rapidly quenched outer layer 1 m thick; (2) a high-temperature layer 10 m thick in which diffusion and diffusionless phase transformations, deformation, and recrystallization may occur; and (3) a layer of elastic wave action 100 m thick. Although it is generally recognized that the surface properties of material after low-energy high-current pulsed electron beam treatment are defined by the resulting state of its nearsurface microstructure and structural states formed in individual layers, there are still few studies that provide detailed structural analysis of these layers at different depths.…”