“…A crack in a material occurs when the material experiences a continuous overload. However, several other factors, such as thermal expansion and contraction due to temperature changes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], fluid pressure (e.g., in hydraulic fracturing) [ 4 ], the diffusion of hydrogen (or hydrogen embrittlement) [ 5 , 6 ], chemical reactions [ 7 ], and humidity [ 2 ], cause cracks in materials. In particular, among these phenomena, cracks due to thermal expansion are interesting to study from the viewpoint of the energy balance between elastic, thermal, and surface energies.…”
It is often observed that thermal stress enhances crack propagation in materials, and, conversely, crack propagation can contribute to temperature shifts in materials. In this study, we first consider the thermoelasticity model proposed by M. A. Biot and study its energy dissipation property. The Biot thermoelasticity model takes into account the following effects. Thermal expansion and contraction are caused by temperature changes, and, conversely, temperatures decrease in expanding areas but increase in contracting areas. In addition, we examine its thermomechanical properties through several numerical examples and observe that the stress near a singular point is enhanced by the thermoelastic effect. In the second part, we propose two crack propagation models under thermal stress by coupling a phase field model for crack propagation and the Biot thermoelasticity model and show their variational structures. In our numerical experiments, we investigate how thermal coupling affects the crack speed and shape. In particular, we observe that the lowest temperature appears near the crack tip, and the crack propagation is accelerated by the enhanced thermal stress.
“…A crack in a material occurs when the material experiences a continuous overload. However, several other factors, such as thermal expansion and contraction due to temperature changes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], fluid pressure (e.g., in hydraulic fracturing) [ 4 ], the diffusion of hydrogen (or hydrogen embrittlement) [ 5 , 6 ], chemical reactions [ 7 ], and humidity [ 2 ], cause cracks in materials. In particular, among these phenomena, cracks due to thermal expansion are interesting to study from the viewpoint of the energy balance between elastic, thermal, and surface energies.…”
It is often observed that thermal stress enhances crack propagation in materials, and, conversely, crack propagation can contribute to temperature shifts in materials. In this study, we first consider the thermoelasticity model proposed by M. A. Biot and study its energy dissipation property. The Biot thermoelasticity model takes into account the following effects. Thermal expansion and contraction are caused by temperature changes, and, conversely, temperatures decrease in expanding areas but increase in contracting areas. In addition, we examine its thermomechanical properties through several numerical examples and observe that the stress near a singular point is enhanced by the thermoelastic effect. In the second part, we propose two crack propagation models under thermal stress by coupling a phase field model for crack propagation and the Biot thermoelasticity model and show their variational structures. In our numerical experiments, we investigate how thermal coupling affects the crack speed and shape. In particular, we observe that the lowest temperature appears near the crack tip, and the crack propagation is accelerated by the enhanced thermal stress.
“…Modelling proper boundary conditions that are closer to reality is not straightforward. Use of digital photoelasticity to assist finite element modelling has been demonstrated for precision glass lens moulding [ 37–39 ] as well as edge heated plates correctly. In a similar vein, results of photoelastic analysis can contribute to improved numerical modelling of dry stone masonry.…”
Response of dry stack stone masonry walls under mechanical loading is complex and difficult to determine, mainly due to heterogeneous and discrete nature of the components of the stone wall. In this paper, reflection photoelasticity is used on scaled down models of stone masonry wall under uniaxial compression. Two walls are tested, and the methods to obtain near perfect dry stack masonry for reflection photoelastic studies are presented. Five‐step phase‐shifting methods are employed with TFP/RGB photoelasticity to quantitatively analyse the mechanical behaviour of the dry stack masonry walls. Isochromatics and isoclinic data are processed to obtain other whole field experimental stress data. Highly stressed zones are observed resulting in distinctive localised vertical failure in some of the stone units. In dry stack masonry construction, the failure mechanism is found to be dictated by the contact mechanics, which are governed by the non‐uniformity of block geometry even in very regular dry stack masonry.
“…Bisht et al (2015) used Finite element method to analyze multiple crack interactions in a rectangular plate, revealing intensification and shielding effects with crack offset distance and non-desirability of close crack proximity for structural integrity. Vivekanandan & Ramesh (2020) investigated the impact of interacting internal cracks on edge cracks in a transient thermal stress field using digital photo-thermoelastic experiments and finite element analysis. Mishra et al (2019) studied the behaviour of piezoelectric components with multiple cracks under thermo-electro-mechanical loading using the extended finite element method and decoupled thermo-electro-elastic problems, predicting stress intensity factors.…”
Crack interaction studies play a crucial role in understanding and predicting the fracture behaviour of various engineering components subjected to thermomechanical loads. The present work investigates the interaction effect of multiple cracks in different types of material subjected to thermoelastic loadings using Element free Galerkin method (EFGM). These materials include isotropic material, orthotropic material, functionally graded material, and layered material. These all materials are subjected to thermoelastic loads in presence of multiple cracks to investigate the effect of crack interactions. A novel modified Intrinsic enrichment has been proposed to precisely capture the interaction effect and stress fields in the presence of multiple cracks. The proposed algorithm has been tested for a benchmark problem and it produced better stress fields in comparison to the conventional EFGM procedure. Stress intensity factors corresponding to variations in crack parameters have been evaluated concerning with the primary crack. Results reveal that presence of multiple cracks alters the crack tip stress fields owing to the interaction effect i.e shielding or amplification. Additionally, parameters such as crack length, crack orientation, distance between cracks, and domain properties greatly influence the stress intensity factor of the primary crack. These parameters exhibit varying behaviour under distinct circumstances, and their effects have been thoroughly analysed. Current work provides valuable insights into the effects of crack interactions in different media under thermoelastic loadings, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and durability of these materials for practical applications.
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