Study of Color Laser Printer and Photocopier Class Using a Pattern Location Measurement Method

Li, Jiangchun; Li, Biao; Han, Xingzhou; Han, Wei; Fang, Fang

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13900

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Various approaches have been proposed for identifying the print source based on intrinsic signatures. These approaches are divided into methods based on: 1‐ banding effect [13,14], 2‐ identifying paper‐ink interaction [15], 3‐ applying Benford's law [16], 4‐ printing textures [17,18], 5‐ distortion traces in documents [10,19], 6‐ extracting noise patterns [3], and 7‐ physical, chemical, and microscopic analyses [20–22]. Among these methods, printing texture features have led to more favorable results than other methods and has been more popular in recent years [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printer source identification by feature modeling in the total variable printer space

Hamzehyan

Razzazi

Behrad

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Although office systems are moving toward paperless electronic structures, paper documents are still of high importance in everyday communications [1]. Paper documents are used as direct tools in identity identification, taxes, and financial transactions. Sources of these documents are generally laser or other types of printers. Public access to these printers and developing image editing software have facilitated editing and reproducing similar digital printed documents [2]. Forgery and tampering of paper documents may destroy general trust; therefore, it is very important to recognize forged printed documents and ensure their authenticity. Printer source identification is one of the forensic methods for ensuring the validity of scanned paper documents [3]. Authenticity of a printed document can be identified by a forensic expert and chemical tests; however, this process may destroy the printed document [4]. Therefore,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various approaches have been proposed for identifying the print source based on intrinsic signatures. These approaches are divided into methods based on: 1-banding effect [13,14], 2-identifying paper-ink interaction [15], 3-applying Benford's law [16], 4printing textures [17,18], 5-distortion traces in documents [10,19],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Printer source identification by feature modeling in the total variable printer space

Hamzehyan

Razzazi

Behrad

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…The CPS pattern unit (CPSPU) characteristic involved two parameters: T the row/column characteristic, which denotes the number of fixed rows and columns after labeling the X ‐and Y ‐axes, and the arrangement of characteristics among CPSPUs. Once the CPSPU is labeled, we can determine the types of arrangements, which are described as “010101,” “111111,” or “staggered” , among CPSPUs in the entire sheet of printed paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beusekum defined the patterns of three brands, namely Xerox, Dell, and Epson using the horizontal and vertical pattern separation distance method . Based on Tweedy's study, the pattern location measurement method of 15 brands was proposed by Li . The technology of CPS codes was used to determine a method to evaluate printed questioned documents .…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability and Specificity of Counterfeit Protection System Code

Fang

Han

et al. 2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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In this study, the stability and specificity of a counterfeit protection system (CPS) code were determined. This research involved an analysis of a counterfeit protection system code unit over time using the pattern location measurement method. We collected 379 sample sheets from 196 printers or photocopiers, covering 14 original brands, including 129 models. There was an interval of at least two months between the collections of samples from each machine. Four types of characteristics were established: CPS pattern unit, distance of the CPS unit, position of dots, size and shape of the dot. Except for the partial changes in the Xerox brand, no other brand exhibited changes over time. This implies that the CPS characteristics are stable. Meanwhile, no correlation was noted between the combinations of the characteristic systems in the collected samples, which implied strong specificity.

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“…Digital techniques for the identification of source printers can be categorized into extrinsic and intrinsic methods (Chiang et al, 2009). Extrinsic (or active) methods typically embed a watermark or a signature in the printed document (Beekhof et al, 2008;Li et al, 2019). An attempt to tamper with these embedded signatures can be easily traced and can serve to identify the forgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Document forgery detection using source printer identification: A comparative study of text‐dependent versus text‐independent analysis

et al. 2022

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Source printer identification represents an interesting modality for document forgery detection. Establishing the identity of the printer that was employed to print a questioned document allows concluding its authenticity. This paper investigates the effectiveness of deep visual features (learned using convolutional neural networks) in characterization of the source printer. Images of printed documents are divided into small patches as well as characters for extraction of features. An off-the-shelf recognition engine is also integrated, allowing experiments in text-dependent as well as text-independent modes. Experiments are carried out on a standard data set of documents from 20 different printers and identification rates of 95.52% and 98.06% are reported using patches and characters, respectively. Furthermore, the discriminating power of different characters, as well as their combinations, is also being studied. Unlike many existing techniques, which rely on pre-segmented characters and report results by comparing same characters only, the proposed technique works on complete images of printed documents and reports high identification rates.

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Study of Color Laser Printer and Photocopier Class Using a Pattern Location Measurement Method

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Printer source identification by feature modeling in the total variable printer space

Printer source identification by feature modeling in the total variable printer space

Stability and Specificity of Counterfeit Protection System Code

Document forgery detection using source printer identification: A comparative study of text‐dependent versus text‐independent analysis

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